Academic Performance in Adolescent Students: The Role of Parenting Styles and Socio-Demographic Factors – A Cross Sectional Study From Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract

Academic performance is among the several components of academic success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status, student temperament and motivation, peer, and parental support influence academic performance. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of academic performance with emphasis on the role of parental styles in adolescent students in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 456 students from 4 public and 4 private schools were interviewed. Academic performance was assessed based on self-reported grades in the latest internal examinations. Parenting styles were assessed through the administration of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors and parenting styles on academic performance. Factors associated with and differences between “care” and “overprotection” scores of fathers and mothers were analyzed. Higher socio-economic status, father’s education level, and higher care scores were independently associated with better academic performance in adolescent students. Affectionless control was the most common parenting style for fathers and mothers. When adapted by the father, it was also the only parenting style independently improving academic performance. Overall, mean “care” scores were higher for mothers and mean “overprotection” scores were higher for fathers. Parenting workshops and school activities emphasizing the involvement of mothers and fathers in the parenting of adolescent students might have a positive influence on their academic performance. Affectionless control may be associated with improved academics but the emotional and psychosocial effects of this style of parenting need to be investigated before recommendations are made.

Career Exploration of High School Students: Status Quo, Challenges, and Coping Model

“…The emphasis should be placed on the guidance of self-cognition (Chen et al, 2020a). However, this study found the following: (1) facing the research of career exploration, more people pay attention to how graduates make the best choices, rather than looking for the reasons that make career choices difficult (Chan, 2018); (2) facing the development of high school students, more and more people choose to pay attention to academic achievements (Otte and Sharpe, 1979;Masud et al, 2019), family support (Pires et al, 2017), and school conditions (Lombardi et al, 2019). To sum up, although the attention to the career exploration of high school has risen in recent years, it is still difficult to maintain high attention and in-depth theoretical research, and many studies are borrowed from other research objects without considering the special situation of high school students.…”

The Contribution of Parents Attention to Student Achievement Motivation

“…Different roles of mothers and fathers (Safyer, Volling, Schultheiss, & Tolman, 2018). Mother and father involvement in the school activities have influential to academic performance of child (Masud et al, 2019). The parents need to be involved in giving attention to the needs of children with learning resources and oversee the child's learning progress (Shunc, Pintich, & Mecee 2008).…”

Relations among social, emotional and moral competencies, reading and mathematical competence in students of secondary education

“…On the other hand, the ethnic-cultural group could also be an important variable in the disparity of the different key competencies. That it is shown in relation to school success (Cvencek et al, 2018;Masud et al, 2019), social and emotional competencies (Kuo et al, 2020), reading comprehension (Sewasew & Koester, 2019), and mathematical competence (Assari et al, 2020;Kalaycioglu, 2015).…”