The article proposes an analysis of socio-philosophical, philosophical, anthropological and ethical problems associated by the fourth industrial revolution. In the modern socio-humanitarian discourse (economy, management, sociology, etc.), a lot of knowledge was accumulated about the strategies for implementing this civilization jump, and the article is a response to the complex requirements for the synthesis of existing theories and the philosophical conceptualization of the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution carries. The authors revealed the specificity of challenges (disembodiment, artificial intelligence, technological unemployment, etc.), which allows us to talk about the crisis of the anthropological project of the Modern era in the conditions of avalanche spread of technological innovations in the sphere of production, human everyday life and physicality. The possibilities of the theory of posthumanism for the analysis of the prospects of human development are demonstrated, as well as the potential of the ethical principle "responsible innovations" for the implementation of the principle of a new era in social practice.