AC Ship Microgrids: Control and Power Management Optimization

Abstract

At sea, the electrical power system of a ship can be considered as an islanded microgrid. When connected to shore power at berth, the same power system acts as a grid connected microgrid or an extension of the grid. Therefore, ship microgrids show some resemblance to terrestrial microgrids. Nevertheless, due to the presence of large dynamic loads, such as electric propulsion loads, keeping the voltage and frequency within a permissible range and ensuring the continuity of supply are more challenging in ship microgrids. Moreover, with the growing demand for emission reductions and fuel efficiency improvements, alternative energy sources and energy storage technologies are becoming popular in ship microgrids. In this context, the integration of multiple energy sources and storage systems in ship microgrids requires an efficient power management system (PMS). These challenging environments and trends demand advanced control and power management solutions that are customized for ship microgrids. This paper presents a review on recent developments of control technologies and power management strategies proposed for AC ship microgrids.

Sizing and Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Åland Islands for Large-Scale Integration of Renewables and Electric Ferry Charging Stations

“…The all-electric ships [9] and all-electric hybrid vessels [10] require energy saving, energy efficiency and energy management systems for their integrated shipboard power system with the application of advanced power electronic converters [11], RESs and BESSs. The operation of the shipboard power system is also critical and prone to some technical issues regarding power quality [11] and power system protections [12]; therefore, BESSs are useful to mitigate power quality and reliability issues. Alternative harbour grid configurations have been proposed for the slow and fast charging of batteries for electric/hybrid vessels [13].…”

Ultracapacitors for Port Crane Applications: Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis

“…The goal is to create models for smart grids operating in seaports to optimize energy consumption and to reduce the emissions. Not only energy management but also safety and maintenance are the drivers to find new solutions [5,6]. Considering a CT port as a microgrid, such as Figure 3, requires two main infrastructures.…”

“…The goal is to create models for smart grids operating in seaports to optimize energy consumption and to reduce the emissions. Not only energy management but also safety and maintenance are the drivers to find new solutions [5,6]. Considering a CT port as a the second one is communication and control, which is necessary for communication and the controls between the physical assets, for example the local ethernet network, serial connection, microgrid controller, protective relay [7].…”

Multi-Objective Economic Scheduling of a Shipboard Microgrid Based on Self-Adaptive Collective Intelligence DE Algorithm

“…Since 1997 stated in the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, which is usually shorten as MARPOL, by international maritime organization, minimizing operation costs and reducing gases emissions have become the main targets, which might be not compatible [1]. To meet the growing demands of the emission efficiency, power grids in conventional ships must be supplemented with some renewable sources such as Wind Turbines (WT), Photovoltaics (PV), battery system and fuel cells [2]- [4]. It is a central concept for such a hybrid microgrid to coordinately optimize the operations of DGs, PV, WT and batteries [5], [6].…”