AC electrokinetic biased deterministic lateral displacement for tunable particle separation

Calero, Víctor; García-Sánchez, Pablo; Honrado, Carlos; Ramos, António; Morgan, Hywel

doi:10.1039/c8lc01416g

Cited by 52 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This establishes high electric field gradient regions between posts of the same row. Particles less polarisable than the medium exhibit nDEP and are pushed away from these regions as they flow through the device as explained previously 25 . If the magnitude of the electric field is high enough for the DEP force to overcome the fluid drag force, particles are prevented from passing between the posts in zigzag mode and start bumping onto the posts, deviating at the angle of the posts.…”

Section: Electrokinetic Biased Dldmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In previous work 25 , we described the effects of applying an AC electric field orthogonal to the fluid flow on particle trajectories through the DLD, and how this can be used to switch the behaviour of particles smaller than the critical diameter from zigzag to bump mode, thus creating a tunable device where separation depends on the applied AC voltage and frequency. When a high frequency AC electric field is applied to a suspension of particles in an electrolyte, the dominant electrokinetic force is DEP.…”

Section: Electrokinetic Biased Dldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the same group reported the use of metal-coated DLD posts to improve this technique 24 , reducing the voltage requirements and the minimum particle size that could be separated at the expense of a more expensive and challenging device fabrication. In a recent publication 25 , we showed how AC electric fields applied orthogonal to the fluid flow can lead to significant and controlled deviation of particles smaller than the critical diameter through the action of a combination of different electrokinetic forces including Electrophoresis (EP) and Dielectrophoresis (DEP). Here we present an improvement on this technique, where a combination of orthogonal DC and AC electric fields provides an additional tunable parameter that enables nanoparticle separation and fractionation in a device with micron-sized critical diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining DC and AC electric fields with deterministic lateral displacement for micro- and nano-particle separation

et al. 2019

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This paper describes the behaviour of particles in a Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) separation device with DC and AC electric fields applied orthogonal to the fluid flow. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate tunable microand nano-particle separation and fractionation depending on both particle size and zeta potential. DLD is a microfluidic technique that performs size-based binary separation of particles in a continuous flow. Here, we explore how the application of both DC and AC electric fields (separate or together) can be used to improve separation in a DLD device. We show that particles significantly smaller than the critical diameter of the device can be efficiently separated by applying orthogonal electric fields. Following the application of a DC voltage, Faradaic processes at the electrodes cause local changes in medium conductivity. This conductivity change creates an electric field gradient across the channel that results in a non-uniform electrophoretic velocity orthogonal to the primary flow direction. This phenomenon causes particles to focus into tight bands as they flow along the channel countering the effect of particle diffusion. It is shown that the final lateral displacement of particles depends on both particle size and zeta potential. Experiments with six different types of negatively charged particles and five different sizes (from 100 nm to 3 µm) and different zeta potential demonstrate how a DC electric field combined with AC electric fields (that causes negative-dielectrophoresis particle deviation) could be used for fractionation of particles on the nano-scale in micro-scale devices.

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Section: Electrokinetic Biased Dldmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Electrokinetic Biased Dldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining DC and AC electric fields with deterministic lateral displacement for micro- and nano-particle separation

et al. 2019

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“…DEP can also be combined with other technologies for single cell diagnostic chips. One example is the combination of DEP with deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) as demonstrated by Jason Beech and others [6,8,[88][89][90]; another prime example is the combination with SAW (see Section 2.1.5. ), as used by Smith et al to extract viable mesenchymal stroma cells from human dental pulp [91].…”

Section: Dielectrophoresis (Dep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there have been several approaches to make DLD arrays "tunable" and thus adaptable over a larger range. One way to tune the sizes of separated cells is the combination of DEP and DLD [88][89][90]. Another way of tuning is combining DLD with non-Newtonian fluids, which change their viscosity depending of the flow velocity (and thus the shear forces the pillars exert on the liquid; shear-thinning) [108].…”

Section: Dielectrophoresis (Dep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics

Hochstetter

2020

Micromachines

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In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.

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Multichannel Impedance Cytometry Downstream of Cell Separation by Deterministic Lateral Displacement to Quantify Macrophage Enrichment in Heterogeneous Samples

Torres‐Castro

Jarmoshti

Xiao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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cell types to exhibit subpopulations. [1] Heterogeneity arising from the phenotypic plasticity of immune, cancer and stem cells that serve multiple biological functions, [2] some with competing functional roles is important to quantify, since their balance regulates emergence of several diseases [3] and therapeutic outcomes. Hence, specific cellular subpopulations need to be enriched for quantifying their functional role and identifying disease markers. [4,5] While this is performed effectively by flow cytometry after fluorescent staining [6] or magnetic functionalization [7] of characteristic surface proteins, followed by fluorescent or magnetic activated cell sorting, the sample preparation is time consuming, requires costly chemicals, and introduces selection bias. Additionally, these operations are done off-chip, which causes sample loss, dilution and limits the enrichment level possible for fractional subpopulations. Furthermore, characteristic cell surface markers are often not available for biological functions, such as cancer metastasis, [8] stem cell differentiation lineage, [9] and immune cell activation. [10] Complementary approaches to identify cell phenotypes based on biophysical differences [11] in size, [12] shape, [13] deformability [14] and electrical properties [15] are emerging, but multiparametric approaches for high dimensional identification of The integration of on-chip biophysical cytometry downstream of microfluidic enrichment for inline monitoring of phenotypic and separation metrics at single-cell sensitivity can allow for active control of separation and its application to versatile sample sets. Integration of impedance cytometry downstream of cell separation by deterministic lateral displacement (DLD)for enrichment of activated macrophages from a heterogeneous sample is presented, without the problems of biased sample loss and sample dilution caused by off-chip analysis. This requires designs to match cell/particle flow rates from DLD separation into the confined single-cell impedance cytometry stage, the balancing of flow resistances across the separation array width to maintain unidirectionality, and the utilization of co-flowing beads as calibrated internal standards for inline assessment of DLD separation and for impedance data normalization. Using a heterogeneous sample with un-activated and activated macrophages, wherein macrophage polarization during activation causes cell size enlargement, on-chip impedance cytometry is used to validate DLD enrichment of the activated subpopulation at the displaced outlet, based on the multiparametric characteristics of cell size distribution and impedance phase metrics. This hybrid platform can monitor the separation of specific subpopulations from cellular samples with wide size distributions, for active operational control and enhanced sample versatility.

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AC electrokinetic biased deterministic lateral displacement for tunable particle separation

Abstract: We describe a novel particle separation technique that combines deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) with orthogonal electrokinetic forces to separate particles below the critical diameter.

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Combining DC and AC electric fields with deterministic lateral displacement for micro- and nano-particle separation

Combining DC and AC electric fields with deterministic lateral displacement for micro- and nano-particle separation

Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics

Multichannel Impedance Cytometry Downstream of Cell Separation by Deterministic Lateral Displacement to Quantify Macrophage Enrichment in Heterogeneous Samples

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