Abundance of arthropod in the various intensity of pesticide applied on shallots crop Local Palu

Abstract

Excessive use of pesticides confers several ecological and environmental consequences. In this research, we evaluated arthropod occurrence on shallot crops in Palu Valley, Central Sulawesi as an impact of pesticide application in different frequencies. Almost all farmers used synthetic pesticides for controlling pests and diseases where 46.7%, 43.3%, 10.0% of them applied in high, moderate, and low frequency, respectively. By comparing to the last application, the first reduced arthropod diversity index, evenness index, and abundance by 13.8%, 6.7%, and 70.6%, while the second by 7.3%, 2.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. Analysis of the dynamic abundance of pests and natural enemies in seven weeks observation indicated that the pests abundance at low and moderate levels was no different. Whereas predator abundance at low frequency was significantly different with moderate and high rate and between the last two not distinct and the presence of parasitoids was not observed at all, it means the natural enemies were susceptible to pesticides. These data showed the negative impact of pesticides application to arthropods including pests resistance and natural enemies lost; therefore it is necessary to minimize the use of pesticides and integrated pests.

Diversity of predators and population Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith by application botanical insecticide and intercropping cover crops

“…Where, I = Attack intensity, Z = highest score (9), N = number of leaves observed, ni = number of leaves attacked on the i-scale and vi = i-damage scale.…”

“…This is caused by the use of chemical insecticides have an impact on predators and also due to the small number of host plants that function as shelter or habitat for insects to lay eggs or find food, while the dominance index and diversity index on the MB treatment (D = 0,52, H' = 2,14) were higher than the farmer treatment because, although it did not use intercropping plants, the control treatment did not use chemical insecticides (Figure 1). If insecticides are applied frequently, the abundance of arthropods drops drastically to a level of 0-1 or decreases from around 94,4% to 100% [9]. This proves that in integrated pest management it is not enough just to use botanical insecticides, it must be accompanied by the use of intercropping, one of which is with cover crops to increase the population and diversity of predators.…”

“…[8]. In addition, the continuous use of insecticides will cause pests to become more tolerant and give rise to new individuals that are more resistant to poisons [9]. Based on this, the management of agro-ecosystems by planting maize integrated with cover crops [10] and the application of botanical insecticides [11] is an alternative way that is environmentally friendly.…”

Influences on Farmer Behavior in Integrated Pest Management: IPM Knowledge, Local Wisdom, and Motivation in Palu City

“…Pesticides are commonly employed to control Plant Pest Organisms (PPOs) as they are perceived as a guarantee against yield loss due to PPO attacks [4][5][6][7]. However, the government has gradually shifted its pest control policy from a unilateral approach to a comprehensive one, as outlined in Law Number 12 in 1992, further reinforced by Government Regulation Number 6 in 1995.…”

Analysis of bacterial community from the rhizosphere of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Brebes, Central Java, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach

“…Moekasan et al [3] reported that important pests in shallots are onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua), trips (Thrips tabaci) [2], Gryllotalpa sp. [4], anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) [5], fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) [6], and purple spot or troll (Alternaria porri) [7]. Yield loss due to the pest attack on shallot plants is quite significant, ranging from 24-100%.…”