Abundance and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock farms: A comprehensive investigation in eastern China

Sludge bio-drying: Effective to reduce both antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements

“…The aeration rate increasing significantly along with sludge biodrying appeared to select for bacterial cells containing tetX which is specific to aerobes (Burch et al, 2014). While tetQ and tetW (ribosomal protection protein mechanism, RPP) are more frequently found in anaerobes (Roberts, 2005), and previous study observed that alternate anoxic/oxic treatment could select against microbes carrying the RPP genes (Cheng et al, 2013). Therefore, the high reductions of tetQ, tetW and tetM and the significantly increase of tetX could be caused by the aeration strategy used during sludge bio-drying.…”

Long-term field application of sewage sludge increases the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil

“…Manure disposal may transfer ARGs into the environment through a variety of pathways connected with common practice -land application (Joy et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2010). As a common practice, manure application introduces not only nutrients and organic matter for crop growth, but also antimicrobial agents into arable soil (Xiong et al, 2015;Cheng et al, 2013). Several studies have examined the effects of manure application on antibiotic resistance in soil from various perspectives, showing a stimulation effect of agricultural usage of manure containing antibiotics on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities (Jechalke et al, 2013;Tang et al, 2015;Kyselková et al, 2015).…”

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Optimization of wetland substrates and hydraulic loading

“…Use of antibiotics in humans and animals could also lead to development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment (Pruden et al, 2006;Tao et al, 2010;Su et al, 2012). Therefore, antibiotics and ARGs have been regarded as emerging environmental contaminants and detected in diverse environmental compartments (Tamminen et al, 2010;Su et al, 2012;Cheng et al, 2013;Coleman et al, 2013). It is found that ARGs can be disseminated among bacteria via vertical and horizontal gene transfer, and distributed from human and animal sources to receiving environment .…”