Abundance and Diversity of Glacial Bacteria on the Tibetan Plateau with Environment

Abstract

The relation of glacial microorganism and their living environment is concerned but less understood for both glaciologists and microbiologists. Here we present the results about glacial snow bacteria from 3 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau. The concentrations and diversity of bacteria collected from snow pit samples of East Rongbuk, Laohugou and Hailuogou glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau were investigated by epifluorescence microscope, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Shannon-Weaver index. Concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in the East Rongbuk glacier with lower concentration and smaller size of microparticle were lower than in the Laohugou with higher concentration and larger size of microparticle. Bacterial concentration in East Rongbuk Glacier was close to that in polar regions, suggesting that Mt. Everest is a bacterial background for remote regions away from direct influence of anthropogenic sources. In addition, altitude difference was another factor for higher concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in Hailuogou and Laohugou glaciers than in East Rongbuk Glacier. The highest concentrations and community diversity of bacteria in Hailuogou Glacier were attributed to its most diverse atmospheric circulations and highest temperature among the 3 glaciers. We suggest a complicated correlation between glacial bacteria and their regional living environments.

The impact of physico-chemical water quality parameters on bacterial diversity in the Vaal River, South Africa

“…The latter analysis included presence-absence, as well as (abundance) band intensity data. This could be used to explain the contradiction (Zhang et al, 2011). Diversity index analysis of the high-throughput sequencing data showed similar trends to the Shannon-Weaver analysis of DGGE profiles.…”

“…The Shannon-Weaver indices (H') were calculated according to Zhang et al (2011). Similarities between the banding patterns generated by PCR-DGGE of the various sampling sites were compared by cluster analysis as indicated by Gafan et al (2005).…”

“…These showed a higher bacterial diversity for Vaal Barrage and Scandinawieë Drift during December compared to June. The Shannon-Weaver index calculation includes the presence and absence of bands, but also band intensity that could be used to explain the contradiction (Zhang et al, 2011). A total of 24 bacterial bands were excised, sequenced and compared to sequences in the NCBI database (Table 3).…”

Microbial indicators and environmental relationships in the Umhlangane River, Durban, South Africa

“…The DWA (recreational use) recommended limit of 0–20 PFU/mL was exceeded by all tested river water samples [ 25 ]. Bacterial community structures have been affected by various factors such as light intensity [ 40 ], topographical environment [ 41 ], temperature [ 42 ], available nutrients [ 43 ] and pH [ 44 ]. The relationship between E. coli , COD and pH suggests that the proliferation of these coliforms is dependent on the amount of inorganic wastes and nutrients [ 45 ], whereas the prevalence of Shigella spp.…”

Physico-Chemical and microbiological analysis of the loopspruit river, north west province: A metagenomic approach

“…One drawback related to using a Constrained Correspondence Analysis (CCA) plot is that it shows only the statistically significant (p , 0.05) physico-chemical and microbiological data, whereas a predicted metagenome analysis provides a better holistic perspective. The bacterial community in each environment is dependent on the relations of various factors such as pH, temperature, and the range of nutrients (Zhang et al 2010). The negative correlation between temperature and Firmicutes, Nanoarchaeaeota, and Patescibacteria is the result of these organisms being thermophilic with an optimum growth rate at 50 °C to 90 °C (Bell et al 2018;John et al 2019;Toshchakov et al 2021).…”