Microbial indicators and environmental relationships in the Umhlangane River, Durban, South Africa

Marie, Veronna; Lin, Johnson

doi:10.1515/biol-2018-0047

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The only one report found on the occurrence of V. vulnificus while developing this manuscript was from the KwaZulu-Natal beach, but the information was found in local news ( Comins, 2012 ) rather than in research articles publishing outlets. The other few reports on occurrences of cholera and non-cholera causing Vibrio pathogens in rivers were carried out in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo provinces, South Africa ( Bessong et al, 2009 ; Madoroba and Momba, 2010 ; Ntema et al, 2014 ; Marie and Lin, 2018 ). Although studies on occurrences of cholera and non-cholera causing Vibrio pathogens have been carried out in the ECP in the past, they were limited to up, final effluents discharge points, and some meters downstream of the receiving watershed for the WWTPs ( Igbinosa et al, 2009 , 2011a , b ; Nongogo and Okoh, 2014 ; Okoh et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021

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Water resources contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio species are usually a source of devastating infection outbreaks that have been a public health concern in both developed and developing countries over the decades. The present study assessed the prevalence of six medically significant Vibrio species in some water resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa for 12 months. We detected vibrios in all the 194 water samples analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater samples was 34, 19, 9, 2, 3, and 2%, and that in brackish water samples was 44, 28, 10, 7, 46, and 51%, respectively. The population of the presumptive Vibrio spp. isolated from freshwater (628) and brackish water (342) samples that were confirmed by PCR was 79% (497/628) and 85% (291/342), respectively. Twenty-two percent of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from freshwater (n = 497) samples and 41% of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from brackish water samples (n = 291) fall among the Vibrio species of interest. The incidences of V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus amidst these Vibrio spp. of interest that were recovered from freshwater samples were 75, 14, 4, 6, 1, and 1%, whereas those from brackish water samples were 24, 7, 3, 3, 47, and 18%, respectively. Our observation during the study suggests pollution as the reason for the unusual isolation of medically important vibrios in winter. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature drives the frequency of isolation, whereas salinity drives the composition of the targeted Vibrio species at our sampling sites. The finding of the study is of public health importance going by the usefulness of the water resources investigated. Although controlling and preventing most of the factors that contribute to the prevalence of medically important bacteria, such as Vibrio species, at the sampling points might be difficult, regular monitoring for creating health risk awareness will go a long way to prevent possible Vibrio-related infection outbreaks at the sampling sites and their immediate environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021

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“…As presented, the large amounts of coliform bacteria were found in treated wastewater and in River Elbe water. Marie and Lin [ 30 ] used the following bacterial indicators: E. coli , total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Vibrio , Salmonella , and Shigella for the evaluation of river water quality. Whereas Garrido-Perez et al [ 31 ] evaluated the microbiological contamination of beach waters and sediments, using two indicators of fecal pollution: fecal coliforms and Clostridium perfringens .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Technological Shifts of the WHO Priority Multi-Resistant Pathogens in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Surface Water: A Case Study

Jałowiecki

Hubeny

Harnisz

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The present study was focused on the identification of multi-resistant bacteria from the WHO priority pathogens list in the samples taken from different stages of the full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant and receiving water. Additionally, the seasonal variations of the selected multi-resistant pathogens were analyzed in the samples. In order to the aim of the study, the metagenomic DNA from the collected samples was isolated and sequenced. The samples were collected in three campaigns (spring, summer, autumn). Metagenomic DNA was isolated by the commercial kits, according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Illumina sequencing system was employed, and the R program was used to metagenomic analysis. It was found that the wastewater samples and receiving water contained the multi-resistant bacteria from the WHO priority pathogens list. The seasonal and technological variations affected the distribution of the pathogens in the wastewater. No effect of the effluent on the pathogens in the receiving water was observed. The results indicated that antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” from the WHO list are there in the waste- and receiving water. Technological process and seasons effected their distribution in the environment. Metagenomic analysis can be used as sufficient tool in microbiological and human health risk assessment.

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“…has been associated with domestic sewage in the river and most Vibrio spp. enumerated are of animal origin [135].…”

Section: Molecular Biology Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Soul of the Jukskei River: The Extent of Bacterial Contamination in the Jukskei River in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Hoorzook

Pieterse

Heine

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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River water quality is an important health issue as the water is utilised for drinking, domestic and agricultural use in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect water from a major city has on the water quality of the Jukskei River that daylights in Johannesburg, South Africa. The river water samples were analysed for physio-chemical properties, microbiology, antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates, genetic markers, and potentially toxic metals. Data analysis revealed increased electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity since 2010. Total Coliform and Escherichia coli detected were above the South African water quality guidelines for domestic, recreational, and irrigation purposes. Additionally, sodium, zinc, nickel, lithium, and lead exceeded the guidelines in domestic, recreational, and irrigation water. Pathogenic strains of E. coli (aEPEC, EHEC, EIEC, and EAEC) were isolated from the water. Various other potentially pathogenic organisms that have been implicated as causes of gastro-intestinal, and a wide range of other diseases, were also detected and demonstrated multiple levels of resistance to antibiotics tested. The results show that the river water is a potential health threat to downstream users. These results will feed into the environmental management action plan for Water for the Future (NGO group).

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Microbial indicators and environmental relationships in the Umhlangane River, Durban, South Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Seasonal and Technological Shifts of the WHO Priority Multi-Resistant Pathogens in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Surface Water: A Case Study

Soul of the Jukskei River: The Extent of Bacterial Contamination in the Jukskei River in Gauteng Province, South Africa

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