Abstention et blancs et nuls au référendum du 24 septembre 2000

“None of the Above?” Casting Blank Ballots in Ontario Provincial Elections

“…Similar data on provincial election districts are either nonexistent or much more difficult to obtain. The use of aggregate data, as opposed to individual level data, is consistent with previous studies of blank ballots (Bavastro and Szusterman 2003; Boy and Chiche 2001; McAllister and Makkai 1993; Power and Roberts 1995; Stiefbold 1965). Moreover, individual‐level data are often distorted by overreporting of turnout (Swaddle and Heath 1989).…”

“…Occasionally, blank ballots in the Federal Republic occur when voters feel cross‐pressured to vote for one party on the proportional representation ballot and a candidate from a different party on the single‐member district ballot (Tingsten 1963). The single‐member district majority system in France encourages voters to cast blank or spoiled ballots in the second round (Boy and Chiche 2001). This is especially so if a voter's preferred candidate fails to reach the second round of the election.…”

“…In studies of Brazilian elections, blank and spoiled ballots are associated with relative economic deprivation, lower levels of education, and urbanization (Muszynski 1985; Power and Roberts 1995). An urban–rural divide seems important in patterns of blank and null ballots in France (Boy and Chiche 2001). Even within the rational choice framework, social context is seen as important to the electoral process (Uhlaner 1989).…”