Absorptive and dispersive bistability in semiconductor injection lasers

Using adaptive multi-accurate function evaluations in a surrogate-assisted method for computer experiments

“…A key component of such a secure optical communication system is to generate chaotic light outputs, which can be achieved by injecting an external sinusoidal electronic drive into the system. Mathematically, a set of rate equations modeling a bistable laser diode with an electronically controlled external drive has been proposed in [16,17]. These rate equations are then studied numerically in [18] to show that suitable combinations of the pump rate (S p1 ) and the modulation current (m c ) in the external sinusoidal electronic drive can lead to chaotic light outputs.…”

Numerical study of a highly optical-feedback tolerant DFB laser with an absorber and a rear reflector using transfer matrixes and rate equations

“…Thanks to the above substitution, the non-uniform optical field distribution caused by the grating and a !=4 phase shifter in the laser cavity can be treated as an approximately uniform optical field distribution, which is a prerequisite for applying the rate equations to the analysis model. The relationship between the carrier density in each region and the averaged photon density in the cavity is represented by the steady-state rate equations as follows [12]:…”

“…In this paper, we employ transfer-matrixes [10,11] and rate-equation analyses [12,13] to design DFB LDs that are highly tolerant to optical feedback. On the basis of the calculation results, we propose a DFB LD with a front saturable absorber and a rear distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) as a promising structure with high tolerance to optical feedback.…”

“…In the absorber region, G is defined as the negative value of the sum of saturable absorption coefficient a and the internal absorption coefficient in the waveguide, int . a is a variable parameter that depends on the carrier density in the absorber region, and it is derived using the steady-state rate-equation analysis [12].…”

Dispersive Optical Bistability in Quantum Wells With Logarithmic Gain

“…The nonlinearity responsible for absorptive bistability arises from the dependence of the absorption coefficient on input light intensity in a laser containing a saturable absorber. This type of bistability was first observed in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser under external optical injection in the 1960s [1] and, decades later, demonstrated experimentally in a two-section distributed feedback (DFB) laser [5], Absorptive bistability has been proved to take place both in the output power/current characteristic [6] and in the output/input power characteristic [7], A deeper review on the subject of absorptive bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers can be found in [8], Dispersive bistability, on the other hand, arises from the intensity dependence of the refractive index, which causes the shift of the cavity frequency toward resonance with the input field. It was first predicted theoretically in semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLA) at an operating wavelength of 840 nm [9] and 820 nm [10] in 1983.…”