Absorption measurements on a low-pressure inductively coupled argon/mercury discharge for lighting purposes: 2. Electron density and temperature

Abstract

Typical values for the electron density and temperature in the Philips QL lamp are obtained from the radially resolved measurements of the gas temperature profile and the density of the lowest argon metastable state, as presented in a previous paper (Jonkers J et al 1997 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 1928. The results agree very well with the electron density and temperature as found by solving the electron particle and energy balance equations. For increasing argon filling pressure a lower electron temperature and a higher electron density are found, which are due to an increased residence time of the charged particles. It is also shown that in the QL lamp serious depletion of mercury occurs.

Interaction potentials and spectroscopy of Hg+∙Rg and Cd+∙Rg and transport coefficients for Hg+ and Cd+ in Rg (RgHeRn)

“…For Hg + we employ the same basis sets we used for work 23 on Hg· H 2 O and Hg 2+ ·H 2 O, where the basis sets were described in full; we also employed these basis sets for our study of the HgCH 3 and HgCH 3 + species. 24 The ECP60MWB effective core potential 25 ͑where the M indicates that the neutral atom is used in the derivation of the ECP and WB implies the use of the quasirelativistic approach described by Wood and Boring 26 ͒ was used, which treats 60 electrons as core ͑up until the 4f shell͒.…”

“…[1][2][3] Such values have been available for many years from the measurements of Chanin and Biondi 4 for ground-state Hg + in He, Ne, and Ar, with other measurements for Hg + in He also being available. 5,6 There appear to be no values available for Hg + moving in the heavier rare gases.…”

Power balance in highly loaded fluorescent lamps

“…In order to demonstrate the importance of the electron density measurements on the power balance analysis of the discharge, we have recalculated the gas heating and wall losses, assuming the electron density is that required to satisfy Ohm's Law in equation (2). The resulting power balance (table 2), including the UV and visible radiation obtained from the integrating sphere measurements, is now in good agreement with the measured electrical power in the discharge, the shortfall in accounted power now being ∼10%, which is within the accuracy of the model described here.…”

“…Power balance in a highly loaded Hg discharge based on radiometric measurements of UV and visible radiation from an ICETRON ® lamp. The values of W UV in parentheses, gas heating, W heat , and wall losses, W wall , were obtained assuming the electron density calculated from equation(2) and, in the case of W UV , the measured resonance level densities.…”

Experimental investigation of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) by Thomson scattering and optical emission spectroscopy

“…To give a few examples of their use, in Lieberman and Lichtenberg classical textbook [16] several GPMs were discussed for low-pressure plasmas used in integrated circuits technology. In [17,18] van de Sande et al gave an application to atmospheric inductively coupled plasmas used for spectrochemical analysis whereas in [19] a GPM was used to describe a low pressure, inductively coupled discharge lamp.…”