Absorption, excretion, metabolism and cardiovascular effects of beetroot extract in the rat

Krantz, Cilla; Monier, Mary Mills; Wahlström, Bo

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(80)90190-x

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the earliest known report released by a FAO/WHO Expert Committee (FAO and WHO ), it was observed that there was inadequate information on safety and metabolism of beetroot pigments. Following this, studies on absorption, excretion, metabolism, and cardiovascular effects of beetroot extract were conducted (Krantz and others ). It was observed that orally administered betanin, the major pigment in red beet, was poorly absorbed, and the major portion of it was metabolized in the gut.…”

Section: Dietary Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the earliest studies on biological activity of betalains revealed that red beet betanin when injected i.v. caused transient increase of blood pressure and heart rate (Krantz and others ). These effects on the cardiovascular system were not observed when betalains were administered through oral intubation, probably because of degradation in the GI tract (Reynoso and others ).…”

Section: Dietary Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings from in vitro studies suggested that betanin absorption takes place in the intestine. When fed to rats, about 2.7% unmetabolized pigment was excreted each in urine and feces (Krantz and others ). It was assumed that most of the betanin ingested was degraded in the GI tract as indicated by digestibility studies.…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To add to this, the analytical method may fail to detect betalain metabolic products. For instance, during spectrophotometric analysis of the recovered urine 24 h after feeding betalain extract, apart from intact betanin, no relevant metabolic product was detected (Krantz and others ). Similarly, among human volunteers, spectrophotometric analysis of betalains in urine revealed 0.5% to 0.9% bioavailability of betanin (Kanner and others ).…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

Khan

2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

203

127

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Betalains are accepted food additives derived from vacuoles of plants belonging to about 17 families in the order Caryophyllales. These pigments are composed of a nitrogenous core structure, betalamic acid [4-(2-oxoethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid]. Betalamic acid condenses with imino compounds (cyclo-DOPA and/or its glucosyl derivatives) or amines and/or their derivatives to form violet betacyanins (for example, betanin) and yellow betaxanthins (for example, indicaxanthin), respectively. Till date, structures of 75 betalains have been elucidated from plants under the order Caryophyllales. The extracted betalains are safe to consume and they act as micronutrients in the body. In vitro studies to highlight radical-scavenging activity, cell culture studies to assess cytotoxicity and absorption of betalains, and proven clinical efficacies are compiled in this review. The literature on biological activity has not been analyzed for a synthesis of safety, clinical efficacy, and bioavailability to arrive at the concentrations required for the purported health benefits. Most betalains are under-utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations due to poor stability and lack of scientific reports highlighting their superior tinctorial strength including flourescence, water solubility, and functional value alongside their bioavailability. This is the first comprehensive review on the dietary safety, biological activity and bioavailability of betalains. Based on this review, for future debate and input from health professionals, a human daily intake of betanin and indicaxanthin can be proposed at 100 and 50 mg, respectively.

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Section: Dietary Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

Khan

2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

203

127

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“…The uptake, metabolism and excretion of betanine from beet root were studied by Krantz et al (1980), who concluded that orally administered betanine is poorly absorbed and that most of it is metabolized in the gut. The in vivo results obtained in the present study support these data, indicating that betalaine colorants may be viable alternatives for synthetic dyes currently used as food additives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of betanine mutagenicity.

1990

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Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review

Hadipour

Taleghani

Tayarani-Najaran

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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Over the past few years, the use of natural substances as protective or therapeutic agents has gained much attention worldwide. Recent modern studies have shown a variety of health benefits for red beetroot and its active compounds betalains (also betanin) such as antioxidative, anti‐inflammation, anticancer, blood pressure and lipid lowering, also antidiabetic and anti‐obesity effects. Betanin, the main component of the red beetroot, is a betalain glycosidic pigment, which is used as a food additive. This review summarizes findings in the literature and shows the therapeutic potential of red beetroot and its active compounds (betalains) as promising alternatives for supplemental therapies in multiple diseases.

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Absorption, excretion, metabolism and cardiovascular effects of beetroot extract in the rat

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of betanine mutagenicity.

Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review

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