In vivo and in vitro evaluation of betanine mutagenicity.

Conforti-Froes, Nívea; Varella‐Garcia, Marileila; Manzato, Antônio José

doi:10.1508/cytologia.55.203

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some degree of cytotoxicity was reported at this dose (approximately 30% inhibition of mitotic index compared with controls). This form of the colour preparation (without nitrate) also showed an increase in SCEs at the highest dose tested, whereas a weaker response was seen in the presence of nitrate (Conforti-Froes et al, 1990). The Panel noted that this study was poorly reported (e.g.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The clastogenicity and sister chromatid exchange (SCE)-inducing potential of beetroot colour was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes from three volunteers in vitro (Conforti-Froes et al, 1990). No details were provided in the publication regarding the material tested, described as betanin, other than that the major yellow pigments vulgaxanthin I and vulgaxanthin II had been removed from the powder before testing, and that two preparations of the material were tested.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same publication, induction of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei by beetroot red powder, described as betanin, was investigated in vivo in rat bone marrow (Conforti-Froes et al, 1990). Wistar rats (4-8 animals per test group and 10 control animals) were treated orally (method not stated but presumed to be by gavage) with either 0.2 mg/kg bw/day or 50 mg/kg bw/day beetroot red powder for 7 days and sacrificed on day 8, 90 minutes after administration of colchicine.…”

Section: Arimotomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of beetroot red (E 162) as a food additive

2015

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beetroot red (E 162) is a natural colour containing a number of pigments, all belonging to the class known as betalains. The main colouring principle consists of a number of betacyanins. The Panel noted that the specification for the content of red colour (expressed as betanin) in beetroot red, as not less than 0.4%, may give rise to some confusion, given the number of different forms of beetroot red that may be on the market, including simple extracts, refined extracts and spray‐dried powders. The Panel considered that revision of the current specification to reflect betanin content on a dried solids basis could be appropriate. The Panel noted that toxicological studies carried out on material conforming to the specifications for beetroot red are limited in number. Acute and short‐term toxicity studies are too limited to draw conclusions on these endpoints. The genotoxic potential of beetroot red could not be evaluated based on the available data. There are only limited or inadequate studies available on the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of beetroot red and therefore the Panel could not conclude on these endpoints. No adequate studies on reproduction and developmental toxicity were available. The Panel concluded that the currently available toxicological database was inadequate to establish an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for beetroot red as defined by the specifications set for the food additive E 162. However, the colouring principles in E 162 are natural dietary constituents having a long history of food consumption. In addition, the betanin exposure resulting from the use of beetroot red (E 162) as food additive is in the same range as the exposure to the betanin from the regular diet. Therefore, the Panel concluded that, at the reported use levels, beetroot red (E 162) is not of safety concern as regards its current use as a food additive.

show abstract

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arimotomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation