Absorption and Translocation of Radioactive Herbicides in Submersed and Emersed Aquatic Weeds*

Funderburk, H. H.; Lawrence, Jean M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00250.x

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The extent of acropetal and basipetal movement in plants seems to depend not only on pesticide type but also on plant species involved (Anderson et al 1981;Frank and Hodgson 1964;Funderburk and Lawrence 1963;Hinman and Klaine 1992;Thomas and Seaman 1968). Only limited work has been reported on chemical distribution in other aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Aquatic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…Some observations have already been made on the movement of ^*C-methyllabelled paraquat in plants following root and foliar application. Thus Funderburk & Lawrence (1963) showed that there was virtually no movement from the roots of the submerged weed Heteranthera dubia, nor from shoots to roots. In the emergent weed Alternantheraphiloxeroides and garden bean {Phaseolus vulgaris) there was limited movement from the roots to the shoots following root application (Funderburk & Lawrence, 1963, and there were greater concentrations of the chemical in the stems than in the leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations have also been made on the movement of the related herbicide, diquat (Funderburk & Lawrence, 1963;Coats, Funderburk & Lawrence, 1965). Baldwin (1963) studied the movement of diquat in tomato plants following application of droplets of an aqueous solution to the leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Movement of Paraquat in Plants

Slade¹,

Bell²

1966

Weed Research

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Summary. A qualitative study of the movement of the herbicide paraquat from droplets applied to leaves of tomato plants, using 14C‐methyl‐labelled and 14C‐ring‐labelled paraquat dichloride and di(methylsulphate), has shown that it moves in the xylem with the transpiration stream. The chemical is as well transported from young leaves as from mature ones, and will move through a steam‐ringed petiole. The enhancement of the amount of paraquat transported from the treated leaves which occurs when treated plants are kept in darkness for a period following treatment and then exposed to light, is probably due to the greater movement into the xylem through undamaged tissue which can occur in the dark. Once the chemical has been absorbed into treated leaves, light‐induced damage is required for significant movement through the rest of the plant to take place, but the damage then inhibits further entry of paraquat into the xylem. The movement of paraquat in broad bean and maize is essentially similar, though the enhancement of movement by a period of darkness after application is much less marked. La migration du paraquat dans les plantes

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“…Poor herbicide coverage and translocation once taken up by the plant are recognised as leading contributing factors to suboptimal levels of A. philoxeroides control following herbicide application (Funderburk & Lawrence, ; Bowmer et al ., ). Previous research has shown that metsulfuron and glyphosate applications result in the production of numerous A. philoxeroides stem fragments, of which up to 41 and 2%, respectively, are viable and capable of regeneration (Dugdale et al ., ; Clements et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide efficacy for aquatic Alternanthera philoxeroides management in an early stage of invasion: integrating above‐ground biomass, below‐ground biomass and viable stem fragmentation

et al. 2017

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Summary Alternanthera philoxeroides is a problematic invasive plant in many regions of the world that is difficult to control once naturalised. It poses a threat to agricultural productivity, biodiversity and social amenity values of aquatic environments. Significant research has been conducted internationally, regarding the efficacy of different herbicides for control of A. philoxeroides. However, no studies have looked at key aspects of control for effective management in an early stage of invasion of aquatic environments, hindering eradication and control programmes. This study evaluates the efficacy of herbicides and surfactants on key A. philoxeroides response metrics, including control of above‐ground biomass, below‐ground biomass and production of viable stem fragments. This study concluded that glyphosate (isopropylamine salt) minimises viable stem fragment production post‐herbicide application, compared with imazapyr and metsulfuron, thus reducing the potential for dispersal throughout catchments and waterways. In contrast, imazapyr and metsulfuron provided more effective control than glyphosate for A. philoxeroides growing on exposed embankments. We propose that an effective management strategy for early invasion of aquatic A. philoxeroides, using herbicides, would be to conduct initial applications of glyphosate to control overwater biomass and limit dispersal of viable stem fragments. Once infestations have been forced back to the embankment, imazapyr or metsulfuron treatments will provide longer term control.

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Absorption and Translocation of Radioactive Herbicides in Submersed and Emersed Aquatic Weeds*

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

The Movement of Paraquat in Plants

Herbicide efficacy for aquatic Alternanthera philoxeroides management in an early stage of invasion: integrating above‐ground biomass, below‐ground biomass and viable stem fragmentation

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