The Movement of Paraquat in Plants

Slade, Peter; Bell, E. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00891.x

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that the movement of 14 C revealed in the autoradiographs was not an artefact produced in the course of oven-drying, but had in fact taken place prior to harvesting the plants. The greater translocation of paraquat in plants treated at 1700 hours confirmed previous results (Wood & Gosnell, 1966 ;Slade & Bell, 1966) which revealed that darkness after application greatly enhances the amount of paraquat transported from the treated leaf.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Translocation of radioactive paraquat in some veld grasses

Steinke

Carser

Theron

1970

Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society o

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In two pot experiments radioactive paraquat was applied to certain important veld grasses (Experiment I -Aristida junciformis, Themeda triandra, Elyonurus argenteus, Andropogon filifolius, Eragrostis curvula ; Experiment II -A. junciformis, E. argenteus) to determine the extent of translocation at a young stage of growth and with treatment at different times of the day. In the first experiment movement occurred in all grasses along the length of the treated leaf, while in E. curvula and A. filifolius the herbicide was translocated to other leaves also. The second experiment indicated the importance of application of paraquat at. 1700 hours for maximum translocation. UITTREKSELMet twee potproewe is die omvang van translokasie van paraquat by verskeie belangrike grassoorte (Proef I -Aristida junciformis, Themeda triandra, Elyonurus argenteus, Andropogon filifolius, Eragrostis curvula ; Proef II -A. junciformis, E. argenteus) bepaal. Radioaktiewe paraquat is toegedien in 'n jong groeistadium en by verskillende tye gedurende die dag. In die eerste proef is beweging in die lengte van die behandelende blaar by al die grasse waargeneem. By E. curvula en A. filifolius het translokasie na ook ander blare plaasgevind. Die tweede proef het die belangrikheid getoon van toediening om 1700 uur maksimale translokasie.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Translocation of radioactive paraquat in some veld grasses

Steinke

Carser

Theron

1970

Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society o

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“…Paraquat is mainly translocated in xylem tissue (Slade and Bell 1966) and hence will tend to move to the tips of the leaves. However, it is the herbicide translocated in a basipetal direction which is ultimately responsible for death of grass plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, toxic effects can also be observed in the dark, albeit much more slowly (Mees 1960). Paraquat and diquat are self-limiting herbicides in that the rapid tissue necrosis evident from the action of the herbicide in the light limits translocation around the plant (Baldwin 1963;Smith and Sagar 1966;Slade and Bell 1966). Application in bright sunlight can lead to rapid necrosis of affected leaves without death of the plant (Baldwin 1963;Slade and Bell 1966;Brian 1967;1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The mechanism of resistance to paraquat is strongly temperature dependent in resistant Hordeum leporinum Link and H. glaucum Steud.

Purba

Preston

Powles

1995

Planta

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Abstract. Paraquat-resistant biotypes of the closelyrelated weed species Hordeum leporinum Link and H. 91aucum Steud. are highly resistant to paraquat when grown during the normal winter growing season. However, when grown and treated with paraquat in summer, these biotypes are markedly less resistant to paraquat. This reduced resistance to paraquat in summer is primarily a result of increased temperature following herbicide treatment. The mechanism governing this decrease in resistance at high temperature was examined in H. leporinum. No differences were observed between susceptible and resistant biotypes in the interaction of paraquat with isolated thylakoids when assayed at 15, 25, or 35~ About 98 and 65% of applied paraquat was absorbed through the leaf cuticle of both biotypes at 15 and 30 ~ respectively. Following application to leaves, more herbicide was translocated in a basipetal direction in the susceptible biotype compared to the resistant biotype at 15 ~ However, at 30 ~ more paraquat was translocated in a basipetal direction in the resistant biotype. Photosynthetic activity of young leaf tissue from within the leaf sheath which had not been directly exposed to paraquat was measured 24 h after treatment of plants with paraquat. This activity was inhibited in the susceptible biotype when plants were maintained at either 15 ~ or 30 ~ after treatment. In contrast, photosynthetic activity of such tissue of the resistant biotype was not inhibited when plants were maintained at 15 ~ after treatment, but was inhibited at 30 ~ The mechanism of resistance in this biotype of H. leporinum correlates with decreased translocation of paraquat and decreased penetration to the active site. This mechanism is temperature sensitive and breaks down at higher temperatures.

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“…Although paraquat is a contact herbicide, its effectiveness relies upon it exhibiting at least some limited movement within the plant. Studies with C‐labelled paraquat dichloride indicated that it can move in the xylem with the transpiration stream . Paraquat is a more effective herbicide and is better transported away from treated leaves when, following spray application, plants are kept in the dark for a period and then exposed to light, rather than kept in continuous light.…”

Section: Model Plant Studies Of Paraquat Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of resistance to paraquat in plants

Hawkes

2014

Pest Management Science

106

109

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The aim of this brief review is to draw information from studies of the mechanism of evolved resistance in weeds, together with information from laboratory studies of paraquat tolerance in model plants. Plants having mutations that limit paraquat uptake into cytoplasm, that confer various stress tolerances or that have transgenes that co-express two or more of the chloroplast Halliwell-Asada cycle enzymes can all exhibit enhanced tolerance to paraquat. However, none of these mechanisms correspond to the high-level resistances that have evolved naturally in weeds. Most, but not all, of the evidence from studies of paraquat-resistant biotypes of weeds can reasonably be reconciled with the proposal of a single major gene mechanism that sequesters paraquat away from chloroplasts and into the vacuole. However, the molecular details of this putative mechanism remain ill-defined.

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The Movement of Paraquat in Plants

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Translocation of radioactive paraquat in some veld grasses

Translocation of radioactive paraquat in some veld grasses

The mechanism of resistance to paraquat is strongly temperature dependent in resistant Hordeum leporinum Link and H. glaucum Steud.

Mechanisms of resistance to paraquat in plants

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