Absorption and Secretion of Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in the Intestine of the Laying Fowl

Hurwitz, S.; Bär, A.; Katz, Max; Sklan, D.; Budowski, P.

doi:10.1093/jn/103.4.543

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The right lobe drains into the gall bladder and indirectly to the duodenum via the cystic duct. It is estimated that the daily release of bile fluid is 190 mL per day in laying hens (Hurwitz et al, 1973). Bile contains bile acids (salts) aiding lipid digestion, bile pigments and proteins such as IgA.…”

Section: Bilementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Scanes

Pierzchała-Koziec

2014

Avian Biology Research

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This review provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of poultry, particularly of the domesticated chicken. The structure and functioning of the major regions of the GIT are discussed bringing together recent studies with the older, often neglected, literature. Attention is focused on the GIT as an immune organ and on GIT fermentation/bacterial colonisation. In addition, the interactions of nutrition with GIT biology are discussed. The roles of neuropeptides and hormones on the development and functioning of the GIT are extensively reviewed.

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Section: Bilementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Scanes

Pierzchała-Koziec

2014

Avian Biology Research

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“…15/131.170.114), F assimilated is the fraction of assimilated tracer, estimated to be 0.90 (Bairlein and Simons, 1995;Caviedes-Vidal and Karasov, 1996;Chediack et al, 2001;Chung and Baker, 1992;Hurwitz et al, 1973;Renner and Hill, 1961), and F oxidized is the fraction of the tracer dose that was oxidized prior to death, as determined by breath testing, and estimated to be 0.143 for leucine McCue et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allocation of endogenous and dietary protein in the reconstitution of the gastrointestinal tract in migratory blackcaps at stopover sites

Muñoz‐Garcia

Aamidor

McCue

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDuring migratory flight, the mass of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its associated organs in small birds decreases in size by as much as 40%, compared with the preflight condition because of the catabolism of protein. At stopover sites, birds need 2-3days to rebuild their GIT so that they can restore body mass and fat reserves to continue migration. The source of protein used to rebuild the GIT may be exogenous (from food ingested) or endogenous (reallocated from other organs) or both. Because the relative contribution of these sources to rebuild the GIT of migratory birds is not yet known, we mimicked in-flight fasting and then re-feeding in two groups of blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), a Palearctic migratory passerine. The birds were fed a diet containing either 3% or 20% protein to simulate different refueling scenarios. During re-feeding, birds received known doses of 15 N-L-leucine before we measured the isotope concentrations in GIT and associated digestive organs and in locomotory muscles. We then quantified the extent to which blackcaps rebuilt their GIT with endogenous and/or dietary protein while refeeding after a fast. Our results indicate that blackcaps fed the low-protein diet incorporated less exogenous nitrogen into their tissues than birds fed the 20% protein diet. They also allocated relatively more exogenous protein to the GIT than to pectoral muscle than those birds re-fed with the high-protein diet. However, this compensation was not sufficient for birds eating the low-protein diet to rebuild their intestine at the same rate as the birds re-fed the high-protein diet. We concluded that blackcaps must choose stopover sites at which they can maximize protein intake to minimize the time it takes to rebuild their GIT and, thus, resume migration as soon as possible.

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“…Water mass was assumed to account for 53% of m live (Mahoney and Jehl 1984;Yokota et al 1992;Karasov and Pinshow 1998;Amat et al 2007), and feathers were assumed to account for 7% of m live (Karasov and Pinshow 1998;Koutsos et al 2001); F body C is the mass fraction of carbon in the dried body and was assumed to be 0.45 (a value typical for temperate and tropical vertebrates; T. Millican, personal communication). The amount of administered, assimilated, and retained 13 C atoms (i.e., 13 C exogenous ) was defined as where m dose is the mass of the tracer dose in milligrams; is the mass fraction of 13 C in each tracer molecule; F13 Cdose F assimilated is the fraction of the assimilated tracer dose, estimated to be 0.90 (Renner and Hill 1961;Hurwitz et al 1973;Chung and Baker 1992;Bairlein and Simons 1995;Caviedes-Vidal and Karasov 1996;Chediack et al 2006); and F oxidized is the fraction of the tracer dose that was oxidized, as determined by breath testing (glycine, 0.452; leucine, 0.128; glucose, 0.059; fructose, Measured values were compared with the null model for each tracer by using one-sample t-tests with a critical a p . When d 13 C postdose was significantly higher than d 13 C null model 0.05 for a tissue sample, we concluded that nutrients were routed preferentially to that tissue.…”

Section: Calculating Nutrient Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mass Balance Approach to Identify and Compare Differential Routing of¹³C-Labeled Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins In Vivo

McCue

Smith²,

McKinney³

et al. 2011

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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All animals route assimilated nutrients to their tissues where they are used to support growth or are oxidized for energy. These nutrients are probably not allocated homogeneously among the various tissue and are more likely to be preferentially routed toward some tissues and away from others. Here we introduce an approach that allows researchers to identify and compare nutrient routing among different organs and tissues. We tested this approach by examining nutrient routing in birds. House sparrows Passer domesticus were fed a meal supplemented with one of seven (13)C-labeled metabolic tracers representing three major classes of macronutrients, namely, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids. While these birds became postabsorptive (2 h after feeding), we quantified the isotopic enrichment of the lean and lipid fractions of several organs and tissues. We then compared the actual (13)C enrichment of various tissue fractions with the predictions of our model to identify instances where nutrients were differentially routed and found that different classes of macronutrients are uniquely routed throughout the body. Recently ingested amino acids were preferentially routed to the lean fraction of the liver, whereas exogenous carbohydrates were routed to the brain and the lipid fraction of the liver. Fatty acids were definitively routed to the heart and the liver, although high levels of palmitic acid were also recovered in the adipose tissue. Tracers belonging to the same class of molecules were not always routed identically, illustrating how this technique is also suited to examine differences in nonoxidative fates of closely related molecules. Overall, this general approach allows researchers to test heretofore unexamined predictions about how animals allocate the nutrients they ingest.

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Absorption and Secretion of Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in the Intestine of the Laying Fowl

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Allocation of endogenous and dietary protein in the reconstitution of the gastrointestinal tract in migratory blackcaps at stopover sites

A Mass Balance Approach to Identify and Compare Differential Routing of¹³C-Labeled Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins In Vivo

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Absorption and Secretion of Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in the Intestine of the Laying Fowl

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry

Allocation of endogenous and dietary protein in the reconstitution of the gastrointestinal tract in migratory blackcaps at stopover sites

A Mass Balance Approach to Identify and Compare Differential Routing of13C-Labeled Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins In Vivo

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Product

Resources

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A Mass Balance Approach to Identify and Compare Differential Routing of¹³C-Labeled Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins In Vivo