Absorption and metabolism of short‐chain fatty acids in ruminants

Kristensen, Niels Bastian; Danfær, A.; Agergaard, N.

doi:10.1080/17450399809381916

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Taken together, these results suggest an average net portal recovery of 75% for total VFA. This is consistent with the average net portal recovery of individual VFA infused in the rumen previously reported (Nozière and Hoch, 2006), that is, 71%, 69% and 26%, for C2, C3 and C4, respectively, despite the fact that the quantitative interpretation of the non-recovered VFA remains subject to debate (Kristensen and Harmon, 2006). Moreover, using a different approach based on the estimation of ruminal total VFA-PR from measured RfOMa (DOMR database), we observed an average ratio of 8.3 6 1.2 mol total VFA/kg RfOM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Nozière

Glasser

Sauvant

2011

Animal

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Despite their major contribution to the energy supply of ruminants, the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen is still poorly predicted by rumen models. We have developed an empirical approach, based on the interpretation of large bibliographic databases gathering published in vivo measurements of ruminal VFA production rate (PR), rates of duodenal and faecal digestion and molar percentages of VFA in the rumen. These databases, covering a wide range of intake levels and dietary composition, were studied by meta-analysis using within-experiment models. We established models to quantify response laws of total VFA-PR and individual VFA molar percentages in the rumen to variations in intake level and dietary composition. The rumen fermentable organic matter (RfOM) intake, estimated from detailed knowledge of the chemical composition of diets according to INRA Feed Tables, appears as an accurate explanatory variable of measured total VFA-PR, with an average increment of 8.03 6 0.64 mol total VFA/kg RfOM intake. Similar results were obtained when total VFA-PR was estimated from measured apparent RfOM (total VFA-PR/RfOM averaging 8.3 6 1.2 mol/kg). The VFA molar percentages were related to dry matter intake and measured digestible organic matter (OM), digestible NDF and rumen starch digestibility, with root mean square error of 1.23, 1.45, 0.88 and 0.41 mol/100 mol total VFA for acetate, propionate, butyrate and minor VFA, respectively, with no effect of pH on the residuals. Stoichiometry coefficients were calculated from the slopes of the relationships between individual VFA production (estimated from measured apparent RfOM and individual VFA molar percentages) and measured fermented fractions. Coefficients averaged, respectively, 66, 17, 14 and 3 mol/100 mol for NDF; 41, 44, 12 and 4 mol/100 mol for starch; and 46, 35, 13 and 6 mol/100 mol for crude protein. Their use to predict VFA molar percentages appear relevant for most dietary conditions, that is, when the digested NDF/digested OM ratio exceeded 0.12. This study provides a quantitative review on VFA yield in the rumen. It contributes to the development of feed evaluation systems based on nutrient fluxes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Nozière

Glasser

Sauvant

2011

Animal

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“…However, it is possible that butyrate altered the metabolic flux of the rumen, favouring the neutralization of H + through the efflux of bicarbonate. Similar effects have been reported (Kristensen et al, 1998;Penner et al, 2009a;Aschenbach et al, 2010).…”

Section: Physiological Parameterssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In the rumen, SCFA are created as the result of fermentation by resident microbes and are metabolized within the site of absorption in the epithelia of the rumen, prior to making their appearance as substrates in the general tissue beds (Bergman, 1990;Kristensen et al, 1998). The ensuing hyperketonemia and ketosis can be confirmed through plasma analysis of BHBA levels (Penner et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate-Mediated Genomic Changes Involved in Non-Specific Host Defenses, Matrix Remodeling and the Immune Response in the Rumen Epithelium of Cows Afflicted With Subacute Ruminal Acidosis

Dionissopoulos

Laarman

AlZahal

et al. 2013

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a disorder in cattle which can lead to chronic inflammation in the rumen epithelium, known as rumenitis. Butyrate has been shown to attenuate some of the detrimental effects of inflammatory gastroenteral disorders but the molecular mechanisms mediated by butyrate have not been defined. The objective of this study was to define the inflammatory-related genomic changes responsible for the beneficial effects of butyrate. Experimentally, 16 fistulated dairy cows at mid-lactation were fed a SARA-inducing (45% non-fiber carbohydrate) diet beginning 2 days before the beginning of treatment and continuing throughout the experiment. Cows were then evenly divided into treatment groups where a carrier with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) supplemental butyrate (2.5% initial DM intake) was deposited into the rumen daily for 7 days. The minimum rumen pH was higher in cows with supplemental butyrate (4.96±0.09 to 5.20±0.05, p = 0.040), but mean pH, maximum pH and the duration for which rumen pH was below 5.6 was unaffected. Free plasma Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration was unaffected by treatment as was the concentration of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), although the LPS Binding Protein (LBP) concentration was increased by the addition of butyrate to the rumen (6.91±0.29 to 7.93±0.29 µg mL −1 , p = 0.024). Of the rumen Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) tested, only butyrate showed a pronounced treatment effect, rising from 8.60±0.94 to 21.60±0.94 mM (p≤0.0001). Plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration also increased (799.50±265.24 to 3261.63±265.24 µM, p≤0.001). Butyrate infusion did not affect milk parameters (total fat, lactose, total protein and LOS); however, when related to dry matter intake, milk production efficiency was increased (p = 0.035). Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses of rumen papillae biopsies collected on day 7 found that butyrate administration affected (p≤0.05) the expression of genes involved in Non-Specific Host Defense (NSHD), Remodeling or adaptation (RM) and Immune Response (IR). Of the 49 genes tested by qRT-PCR, 9 (LCN2, MMP1, MUC16, GPX2, CSTA, FUT1, SERPINE2, BCAM, RAC3) were upregulated, 20 (MTOR, AKIRIN2, NFKBIZ, NFKB2, ACVR2A, LAMB1, FRS2, PPARD, LBP, NEDD4L, SGK1, DEDD2, MAP3K8, PARD6B, PLIN2, ADA, HPGD, FMO5, BMP6, TCHH) were downregulated and 20 were unchanged due to butyrate administration in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. AJAVSThese results demonstrate the potential protective effect and molecular mechanisms involved in a novel butyrate treatment for inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions.

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“…It is known that ruminal SCFA concentration is largely affected by dietary formulation and nutrient ecology Gabel and Sehested, 1997;Kristensen et al, 1998;Penner et al, 2011) and not as an adaptive mechanism during the transition period. The SCFA concentrations agree with previously published reports from our group using diets of similar composition (Dionissopoulos et al, 2013;Steele et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Changes in Ruminal Tissue Induced by the Periparturient Transition in Dairy Cows

Dionissopoulos

AlZahal

Steele

et al. 2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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To understand how the capacity for fat metabolism (uptake, synthesis, modification) changes in rumen epithelia immediately before and after onset of lactation in dairy cows, rumen fluid Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) concentrations and mRNA expression profiles of rumen epithelia was determined in twelve Holstein dairy cows at three weeks prior to calving (wk -3, n = 12), one week post calving (week +1, n = 12) and six weeks (week +6, n = 12) after calving. The diet was modified from a dry cow formulation to a lactating cow formulation immediately following parturition and raised the non-fiber carbohydrate level from 34 to 43%. All data was analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS, with cows blocked by anticipated calving date and week of sampling as the repeated measure. Propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels rose significantly following the diet change (p≤0.001), although acetate and isobutyrate levels were unchanged (p>0.05). Mean rumen pH also changed during the transition period (6.38 Vs 5.81 and 5.85±0.08; -3 Vs +1 and +6; p<0.001) as did mean BW (716.00 Vs 635.82 kg and 615.45 kg ±16.20; -3 Vs +1 and +6; p≤0.002). Microarray analysis of total RNA from rumen epithelial biopsies revealed 1476 differentially expressed genes at a false discovery rate of 10%. These results were filtered for genes that were directly related to both the immune system and fat metabolism/homeostasis. Consequently, the expression of the resulting 28 genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) to compare their expression at period -3 versus +6 periods. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 13 genes were upregulated (p≤0.01), 2 were downregulated (p≤0.01) and 13 were unchanged during the transition period. Pathway and context analysis yielded a unique interactome pathway map which revealed a set of genomic interactions that indicate a link between selected genes from the immune system and those involved in the preparation for lactation.

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Absorption and metabolism of short‐chain fatty acids in ruminants

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Butyrate-Mediated Genomic Changes Involved in Non-Specific Host Defenses, Matrix Remodeling and the Immune Response in the Rumen Epithelium of Cows Afflicted With Subacute Ruminal Acidosis

Transcriptomic Changes in Ruminal Tissue Induced by the Periparturient Transition in Dairy Cows

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