Absolute and functional iron deficiency in professional athletes during training and recovery

Early changes of the anemia phenomenon in male 100-km ultramarathoners

“…Although further direct evidence is needed, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that oxidative stress response plays a role in sports anemia. 6,10,12 Exercise-induced hemolysis is a widely observed phenomenon during long-distance running. An athlete's typical blood profile includes a decrease of haptoglobin and an increase of plasma Hb levels.…”

“…5,8 Athletes can also lose considerable quantities of iron due to bleeding from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. 9,10 It has been suggested that the lasting high levels of erythropoietin (EPO) may promote an increase in red cell mass to maintain tissue oxygen levels after a marathon run. 11,12 To our knowledge, there has been no published report that describes the overall hematological, urinary, and fecal changes of the anemia phenomenon in Asian male ultramarathoners after a 100-km (62.5-mile) ultramarathon event.…”

Anaemia predicts health related quality of life in heart failure patients

“…The latter would be expected from any novel biomarker proposed today for clinical application as diagnostic or prognostic marker. In view of these points it may be timely to address the question if a more differentiating perspective on anaemia in normal populations (primary prevention), specific populations such as athletes [12] or elderly subjects [13], and in patients of varying conditions may be more appropriate, and if disease specific cut-off levels would provide even stronger information.…”

Exercise-induced anaemia: a forgotten cause of iron deficiency anaemia in young adults

“…5 Around 10-15% of athletes with iron deficiency do have a mild form of anaemia. [3][4][5] Particularly if other contributory factors are involved (for example, dietary restrictions and menstrual bleeding), anaemia can be more severe, as described in the above cases. Several mechanisms are generally accepted to cause iron loss during exercise:…”

“…2 Iron deficiency is common in athletes involved in endurance sports. [3][4][5] In female marathon runners, the prevalence is as high as 28% (compared to 11% in the general female population). 5 Around 10-15% of athletes with iron deficiency do have a mild form of anaemia.…”