Absence in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus of the sequence-specific deoxyribonucleic acid methylation that is conferred in Escherichia coli K-12 by the dam and dcm enzymes

Dreiseikelmann, Brigitte; Wackernagel, Wilfried

doi:10.1128/jb.147.1.259-261.1981

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…than Dam' ones. This is confirmed by the absence of Dam' species in gramn-positive eubacteria (3,6) and in mycoplasmas (7). Among the archaebacteria, we have observed a partial Dam+ phenotype in H. saccharovorum and Methanobacterium strain Ivanov, as their DNA was partially resistant to MboI.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…One can imagine that GATC sequences methylated on the adenine in these archaebacteria are part of longer Schematic representation of the phylogenetic relationships between Dam' and Dam-organisms. The Dam phenotype of various organisms has been deduced from data obtained in this work and from data collected in the literature (3,6,7,11,16,25,31,32). Dam+ organisms are underlined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One might therefore expect that mechanisms for strand discrimination appeared early in evolution, as did other essential features of DNA metabolism. Thus, it seemed surprising to us that several bacteria lack dam methylation (3,6,7). However, different devices for strand discrimination could have appeared independently early in procaryotic evolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA adenine methylation of GATC sequences appeared recently in the Escherichia coli lineage

Barbeyron¹,

Kean²,

Forterre³

1984

J Bacteriol

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA adenine methylation of GATC sequences appeared recently in the Escherichia coli lineage

Barbeyron¹,

Kean²,

Forterre³

1984

J Bacteriol

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“…This could explain why E. coli shows the lowest correlation between mutation rate and hole probability. DNA methylation is unlikely to explain the strongest correlations reported here: both B. subtilis and M. florum appear to lack both Dam and Dcm methylation ( Dreiseikelmann and Wackernagel 1981 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Influence of Electron–Holes on DNA Sequence-Specific Mutation Rates

Villagran

Azevedo

Miller

2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Biases in mutation rate can influence molecular evolution, yielding rates of evolution that vary widely in different parts of the genome and even among neighboring nucleotides. Here, we explore one possible mechanism of influence on sequence-specific mutation rates, the electron–hole, which can localize and potentially trigger a replication mismatch. A hole is a mobile site of positive charge created during one-electron oxidation by, for example, radiation, contact with a mutagenic agent, or oxidative stress. Its quantum wavelike properties cause it to localize at various sites with probabilities that vary widely, by orders of magnitude, and depend strongly on the local sequence. We find significant correlations between hole probabilities and mutation rates within base triplets, observed in published mutation accumulation experiments on four species of bacteria. We have also computed hole probability spectra for hypervariable segment I of the human mtDNA control region, which contains several mutational hotspots, and for heptanucleotides in noncoding regions of the human genome, whose polymorphism levels have recently been reported. We observe significant correlations between hole probabilities, and context-specific mutation and substitution rates. The correlation with hole probability cannot be explained entirely by CpG methylation in the heptanucleotide data. Peaks in hole probability tend to coincide with mutational hotspots, even in mtDNA where CpG methylation is rare. Our results suggest that hole-enhanced mutational mechanisms, such as oxidation-stabilized tautomerization and base deamination, contribute to molecular evolution.

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“…Because methylated adenine is not detected in the sequence GATC in Bacillus subtilis (9,13), a Dam-like methyltransferase is apparently absent in this bacterium. Also, exogeneous methyltransferases are stably expressed in B. subtilis (15,37) without any apparent detrimental effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Expression ofEscherichia coli damgene inBacillus subtilisprovokes DNA damage response: N6–methyladenine is removed by two repair pathways

Guha¹,

Guschibauer²

1992

Nucl Acids Res

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The dam gene of Escherichia coli encodes a DNA methyltransferase that methylates the N6 position of adenine in the sequence GATC. It was stably expressed from a shuttle vector in a repair- and recombination-proficient strain of Bacillus subtilis. In this strain the majority of plasmid DNA molecules was modified at dam sites whereas most chromosomal DNA remained unmethylated during exponential growth. During stationary phase the amount of unmethylated DNA increased, suggesting that methylated bases were being removed. An ultraviolet damage repair-deficient mutant (uvrB) contained highly methylated chromosomal and plasmid DNA. High levels of Dam methylation were detrimental to growth and viability of this mutant strain and some features of the SOS response were also induced. A mutant defective in the synthesis of adaptive DNA alkyltransferases and induction of the adaptive response (ada) also showed high methylation and properties similar to that of the dam gene expressing uvrB strain. When protein extracts from B. subtilis expressing the Dam methyltransferase or treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine were incubated with [3H]-labelled Dam methylated DNA, the methyl label was bound to two proteins of 14 and 9 kD. Some free N6-methyladenine was also detected in the supernatant of the incubation mixture. We propose that N6-methyladenine residues are excised by proteins involved in both excision (uvrB) and the adaptive response (ada) DNA repair pathways in B. subtilis.

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Absence in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus of the sequence-specific deoxyribonucleic acid methylation that is conferred in Escherichia coli K-12 by the dam and dcm enzymes

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

DNA adenine methylation of GATC sequences appeared recently in the Escherichia coli lineage

DNA adenine methylation of GATC sequences appeared recently in the Escherichia coli lineage

Influence of Electron–Holes on DNA Sequence-Specific Mutation Rates

Expression ofEscherichia coli damgene inBacillus subtilisprovokes DNA damage response: N6–methyladenine is removed by two repair pathways

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