Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains

Gasse, Françoise; Campo, Elise Van

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(94)90123-6

Cited by 429 publications

(262 citation statements)

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“…1(i)) is documented after 4,400 years BP (Fig. 2(j); Gasse and Van Campo 1994). These data correlate well with deep-water sediment cores from the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden showing progressive declines in monsoon strength after 5,500 years BP ( Fig.…”

Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Estimated northernmost positions of the ITCZ during the AHP and present day adapted from Junginger et al (2014). a Gulf of Aden sediment core (Tierney and deMenocal 2013), b Indian Ocean sediment core (Bard et al 1997), c Paleolake Suguta (Garcin et al 2009;Junginger et al 2014), d Lake Chew Bahir (Foerster et al 2012), e Lake Ashenge (Marshall et al 2009), f Lake Tilo (Lamb et al 2000), g Lakes Ziway and Shala (Gillespie et al 1983), h Lake Tana (Costa et al 2014;Marshall et al 2011), i Lake Abbe (Gasse and Van Campo 1994), j Blue Nile sediment sources (Krom et al 2002) and k Lake Hayq (Lamb et al 2007) (image in full color online) and a permanent lowstand at Lake Abbe (a.k.a. Abhé; Fig.…”

Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Gillespie et al 1983); g Lake Tana titanium (Ti), modeled (mg/g) (solid line, Marshall et al 2011); h Lake Tana Χ ARM /Χ LF (dashed line, Marshall et al 2011); i Lake Tana seismic unconformities (Marshall et al 2011); j Lake Abbe reconstructed lake level relative to 240 m.a.s.l. (Gasse and Van Campo 1994); k Gulf of Aden δD wax mean vs. Vienna standard mean ocean water (solid line, Tierney and deMenocal 2013); and l MD85674 ocean sediment core reconstructed SSTs (dashed line, Bard et al 1997). Asterisk, thorium ages calculated sensu Bard et al (1990) region) with periods of intensified monsoon activity providing exceptions to this trend and temporarily recharging lakes under more pluvial conditions (Berke et al 2012a;Bloszies et al in press;Costa et al 2014;Forman et al 2014;Levin et al 2009;Tierney and deMenocal 2013;Tierney et al 2010Tierney et al , 2011.…”

Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000 years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels Afr Archaeol Rev (2015) ensued after 9,000 years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000 years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research.Résumé Tout l'Holocène, le lac Turkana a été soumis à des changements drastiques dans l'altitude des lacs et les stratégies de subsistance des gens utilisent pour survivre dans cette région chaude et aride. Dans cet article, nous reconstruisons la position du lac au cours de l'Holocène dans un contexte paléoclimatique. Mécanismes de forçage atmosphériques sont discutées afin de contextualiser les changements de paysage plus larges qui se produisent en Afrique orientale au cours des 12.000 dernières années. L'Holocène est divisé en cinq phases principales en fonction des changements dans l'évolution altitude du lac, paléoclimats et les stratégies de subsistance humains pratiqués dans le bassin. Premiers établissements de pêche de l'Holocène ont eu lieu à proximité d'altitude d'eau élevés et relativement stables. Une période d'oscillations de grande amplitude dans l'altitude du lac s'ensuit après 9000 années BP et les établissements humains semblent avoir été situé à proximité des marges sur le lac. Aridification et une régression finale du altitude des lacs s'ensuit après 5000 années BP et les communautés humaines sont généralisées éleveurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs. Au cours de l'Holocène tardif, les altitudes des lacs pourraient avoir chuté en dessous de leur position actuelle et les stratégies de subsistance semblent avoir fait preuve de souplesse et de temps en temps spécialisé sur le pas...

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Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paleoclimate Of Adjacent Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…For several regions of the globe, including the tropics, it is now clear that the transition to modern climate following the last glacial maximum was punctuated by a number of rapid and substantial climatic oscillations (Alley et al, 1993;Gasse and Vancampo, 1994;Thompson et al, 1998). In contrast, relatively little is known about how the tropical ocean responded to the deglaciation because few high resolution records are available from these regions (Hughen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Post-glacial Tropical Sstsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals

Gagan

Ayliffe

Beck

et al. 2000

Quaternary Science Reviews

454

287

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Corals o!er a rich archive of past climate variability in tropical ocean regions where instrumental data are limited and where our knowledge of multi-decadal climate sensitivity is incomplete. In the eastern equatorial Paci"c, coral isotopic records track variations in ENSO-related changes in sea-surface temperature; further west, corals record variability in sea-surface temperature and rainfall that accompanies zonal displacement of the Indonesian Low during ENSO events. These multi-century records reveal previously unrecognised ENSO variability on time scales of decades to centuries. Outside the ENSO-sensitive equatorial Paci"c, long-term trends towards recent warmer/wetter conditions suggest the tropics respond to global forcings. New coral paleothermometers indicate that surface-ocean temperatures in the tropical southwestern Paci"c were depressed by 4}63C during the Younger Dryas climatic event and rose episodically during the next 4000 yr. High temporal-resolution measurements of Sr/Ca and O in corals provide information about the surface-ocean hydrologic balance and can resolve the seasonal balance between precipitation and evaporation. Radiocarbon measurements in corals, coupled with ocean circulation models, may be used to reconstruct near-surface ocean circulation, past mixing rates, and the distribution of fossil fuel CO in the upper ocean. Most recently, seasonal to interannual variations in the radiocarbon of corals from the equatorial Paci"c have been linked to the redistribution of surface waters associated with the ENSO.

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“…[2] Although it has become clear that orbitally driven variations in insolation provide the overarching control on tropical African climate change [Kutzbach and Street-Perrott, 1985;deMenocal and Rind, 1993;Kutzbach et al, 1996;Kutzbach and Liu, 1997], there is a growing body of evidence that a number of abrupt climatic events have affected tropical Africa for which there is no simple astronomical explanation [Gasse and Van Campo, 1994;Overpeck et al, 1996;Sirocko, 1996;deMenocal et al, 2000;Johnson et al, 2004;Barker et al, 2004]. Climatic thresholds due to non-linear interactions between surface vegetation cover and the ocean-atmosphere system, particularly in the Sahel-Sahara region, have been invoked as an explanation for some of these [Claussen et al, 1999;deMenocal et al, 2000], but it remains unclear whether similar thresholds exist in regions where ground-cover changes are less dramatic than those that have affected Africa's driest areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An abrupt change in the African monsoon at the end of the Younger Dryas

Talbot

Filippi

Jensen

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] High-resolution studies of variations in the elemental and stable carbon-and nitrogen-isotope composition of organic matter in cores from Lakes Malawi, Tanganyika, and Bosumtwi (tropical Africa) indicate an abrupt change in the wind-driven circulation of these lakes that, within the limits of available chronologies, was contemporaneous with the end of the Younger Dryas in the northern hemisphere. The change was also coincident with shifts in surface winds recorded in cores from off the west and northeast coasts of Africa. A range of other proxies indicate that these changes in wind regime were accompanied by a marked increase in precipitation in the northern tropics. Africa south of 5°-10°S, on the other hand, initially suffered drought conditions. Together, the evidence suggests an abrupt northward translation of the African monsoon system at circa 11.5 ± 0.25 ka B.P. The data assembled here contribute to a growing body of work showing that the Younger Dryas was a major climatic excursion in tropical Africa. Furthermore, they add substance to recent suggestions that climatic events in the southern hemisphere may have played a significant role in the abrupt demise of the Younger Dryas.

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Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains

Cited by 429 publications

References 50 publications

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals

An abrupt change in the African monsoon at the end of the Younger Dryas

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