Aboveground Production and N and P Cycling Along a Nitrogen Mineralization Gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin

Pastor, John; Aber, John D.; McClaugherty, Charles; Melillo, Jerry M.

doi:10.2307/1939478

Cited by 766 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The schematic division of the forest floor forms can serve only for a rough comparison of the carrying capacity of soils because it often fails under concrete conditions (Pastor et al 1984;Binkley, Giardina 1998). Based on this evaluation we can conclude that Douglas fir stands at both sites show positive effects on the condition and reserves of forest floor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humus conditions of stands with different proportion of Douglas fir in the Hůrky Training Forest District and Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

Menšík¹,

Kulhavý²,

Kantor³

et al. 2009

J. For. Sci.

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A long-term deviation from the natural species composition of our forests resulted in marked changes in the relative tree species composition where coniferous species began to predominate in the species composition at the expense of broadleaved species. The changes mostly affected the natural distribution of beech, the proportion of which decreased from the original 40.2% to the present 6.9%. On the other hand, the proportion of spruce increased from the original 11.2% to the present 52.8% (MZE 2008).Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is evidently rightly considered to be the most important and perspective introduced species in the Czech Republic. It is given by more than 150-year tradition of its growing in this country and its potential to grow up very well at acid, mesotrophic and gleyed sites of the 2 nd to the 5 th forest vegetation zone. As a rule, Douglas fir also naturally regenerates there creating mixtures with a number of autochthonous species. For its dynamic intensive growth (Bušina 2007) it is an optimum species for repair or enrichment planting already at an early age. Above all, it is necessary to stress its quite exceptional production potential markedly exceeding all domestic conifers AbsTRAcT: The paper presented evaluates reserves and chemical composition of forest floor of three stands of Douglas fir, spruce and spruce with beech at acid sites (3K) in the Hůrky Training Forest District (TFD) and at a mesotrophic site (4H) in the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise (TFE). The aim of the study was to evaluate: (i) reserves of forest floor, (ii) soil reaction, (iii) total content of carbon and nitrogen for the forest floor layers, (iv) C/N ratio, and (v) the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lowest reserve occurs in the Douglas fir stand at a mesotrophic site (25.0 t/ha), the highest accumulation occurs in the spruce stand and in the spruce/beech stand at an acid site (79.4-79.6 t/ha). The soil reaction is strongly acid to acid. The most favourable values of pH for forest floor and soil at acid (4.6 ± 0.4) and mesotrophic sites (5.2 ± 0.4) occur in the Douglas fir stand. It also corresponds to C/N ratio (23-26). The highest reserve of carbon in forest floor occurs at the acid site 34.7 t/ha (1.3 t/ha nitrogen). The lowest reserve of carbon in forest floor at the mesotrophic site amounts to 8.5 t/ha (0.4 t/ha nitrogen). The higher content of DOC in stands at acid sites can result in a higher risk of soil acidification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humus conditions of stands with different proportion of Douglas fir in the Hůrky Training Forest District and Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

Menšík¹,

Kulhavý²,

Kantor³

et al. 2009

J. For. Sci.

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“…In productive ecosystems, plants generally grow faster and their litter is broken down and mineralized more rapidly than in unproductive systems. In the complexity of real ecosystems, however, it has been difficult to disentangle the individual or interactive effects of the soil environment (productivity) from the effects of the component plant taxa or functional types on this feedback (Pastor et al, 1984 ;Hobbie, 1992). This paper singles out the plant's control over the turnover of organic matter and points towards a critical role for protective leaf traits (against the biotic or abiotic environment) that act against herbivores and allow long leaf lifespans (Coley, 1980 ;Chabot & Hicks, 1982 ;Southwood et al, 1986).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf structure and defence control litter decomposition rate across species and life forms in regional floras on two continents

Cornelissen¹,

Pérez‐Harguindeguy²,

Dı́az³

et al. 1999

New Phytologist

439

365

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There is some evidence that traits of fresh leaves that provide structural or chemical protection (' defence ') remain operational in the leaf litter and control interspecific variation in decomposition rate in or on the soil. We tested experimentally whether the negative relationship between foliar defence and litter decomposition rate is fundamental, i.e. whether it is seen consistently across higher plant species and life forms, and whether it is repeated in the floras of geographically and climatically distinct areas separated by an ocean. We employed the published results of two outdoor litter bag experiments, in which we simultaneously compared the relative mass losses (' decomposibility ') of leaf litters of a wide range of plant species. One experiment was in Co! rdoba, Argentina, and included 48 Argentine species typical of the dry, subtropical landscapes along a steep altitudinal gradient. The other was in Sheffield, UK, and hosted 72 British species typical of the temperate-Atlantic landscape there. We linked the two experiments through a similar experiment in Sheffield that hosted litters of subsets of both the Argentine and British species. We also tested fresh leaves of all species from the same areas for tensile strength (' toughness ') and relative palatability to generalist herbivorous snails in multi-species ' cafeteria ' experiments. Both in Argentina and in Great Britain there were highly significant correlations between leaf palatability (r l 0.61 ; 0.73) or leaf tensile strength (r l k0.60 ; k0.60) and litter mass loss across all species. These relationships could be explained by variation both between and within broad life-form groups. Specific leaf area (area : dry mass) of fresh leaves was consistently correlated only with litter mass loss within British life form groups. We illustrated the possible ecosystem consequences of these relationships by comparing functional traits of British species differing in leaf habit. In comparison with deciduous species, evergreens generally had innately slow growth, which corresponded to their longer-lived leaves of lower specific leaf area, higher tensile strength and lower palatability to generalist invertebrate herbivores. Correspondingly, evergreens produced more resistant leaf litter. Thus, slow-growing evergreens might maintain their position in infertile ecosystems through leaf traits that help them to conserve their nutrients efficiently and to keep nutrient mineralization low, thereby not allowing potentially fast-growing deciduous species to outcompete them.

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“…The potential role of N fertilization seems clear : the productivity of many natural ecosystems worldwide is limited by the lack of available N (Vitousek & Howarth, 1991). Experimental fertilization of forests with N has demonstrated their capacity to respond with greater productivity (Johnson, 1992), and productivity is generally higher on sites with greater N availability (Pastor et al, 1984). Agricultural productivity over the last century has increased sufficiently to feed an exponentially growing population only because of human intervention in the N cycle through the industrial production of ammonia fertilizer and the cultivation of legumes (Smil, 1997).…”

Section: Global Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

Norby

1998

New Phytologist

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The global cycles of carbon and nitrogen are being perturbed by human activities that increase the transfer from large pools of non‐reactive forms of the elements to reactive forms that are essential to the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere. The cycles are closely linked at all scales, and global change analyses must consider C and N cycles together. The increasing amount of N originating from fossil fuel combustion and deposited to terrestrial ecosystems as nitrogen oxides could increase the capacity of ecosystems to sequester C, thereby removing some of the excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and slowing the development of greenhouse warming. Several global and ecosystem models have calculated the amount of C sequestration that can be attributed to N deposition, based on assumptions about the allocation of N among ecosystem components with different C∶N ratios. They support the premise that, since industrialization began, N deposition has been responsible for an increasing terrestrial C sink, but there is great uncertainty whether ecosystems will continue to retain exogenous N. Whether terrestrial ecosystems continue to sequester additional C will depend in part on their response to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, widely thought to be constrained by limited N availability. Ecosystem models generally support the conclusion that responses to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide will be greater, and the range of possible responses will be wider, in ecosystems where increased N inputs originate as atmospheric deposition. The interactions between N deposition and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations could be altered considerably, however, by additional factors, including N saturation of ecosystems, changes in community composition, and climate change. Nitrogen deposition is also linked to global change issues through the volatile losses of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, and the role of nitrogen oxides in the production of tropospheric ozone, which could interact with plant responses to elevated carbon dioxide. Any consideration of the role of N deposition in global change issues must also balance the projected responses against the serious detrimental impact of excess N on the environment.

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Aboveground Production and N and P Cycling Along a Nitrogen Mineralization Gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin

Cited by 766 publications

References 32 publications

Humus conditions of stands with different proportion of Douglas fir in the Hůrky Training Forest District and Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

Humus conditions of stands with different proportion of Douglas fir in the Hůrky Training Forest District and Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

Leaf structure and defence control litter decomposition rate across species and life forms in regional floras on two continents

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

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