Above‐ and belowground competition between lianas and trees

Toledo‐Aceves, Tarin

doi:10.1002/9781118392409.ch12

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Although lianas were once referred to as structural parasites of trees (Stevens ), they are now almost exclusively considered to be competitors of trees (Schnitzer & Carson , van der Heijden et al . , Toledo‐Aceves ). However, little is currently known about the degree to which trees compete with the lianas that inhabit them, and no in situ studies have attempted to experimentally resolve how trees affect lianas (Toldeo‐Aceves ).…”

Section: Lianas: Tree Competitors or Parasites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Toledo‐Aceves ). However, little is currently known about the degree to which trees compete with the lianas that inhabit them, and no in situ studies have attempted to experimentally resolve how trees affect lianas (Toldeo‐Aceves ). If competition from trees is minimal and lianas ultimately benefit more than they suffer from trees, then the liana–tree relationship would most accurately be one of parasitism rather than competition (Fig.…”

Section: Lianas: Tree Competitors or Parasites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blurred lines between competition and parasitism

Stewart

Schnitzer

2017

Biotropica

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Accurately describing the ecological relationships between species is more than mere semantics–doing so has profound practical and applied implications, not the least of which is that inaccurate descriptions can lead to fundamentally incorrect predicted outcomes of community composition and functioning. Accurate ecological classifications are particularly important in the context of global change, where species interactions can change rapidly following shifts in species composition. Here, we argue that many common ecological interactions–particularly competition and parasitism–can be easily confused and that we often lack empirical evidence for the full reciprocal interaction among species. To make our case and to propose a theoretical framework for addressing this problem, we use the interactions between lianas and trees, whose outcomes have myriad implications for the ecology and conservation of tropical forests (e.g., Schnitzer et al. 2015).

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Section: Lianas: Tree Competitors or Parasites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lianas: Tree Competitors or Parasites?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blurred lines between competition and parasitism

Stewart

Schnitzer

2017

Biotropica

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“…Lianas are thought to compete with trees by attenuating light mainly at the top of the canopy (Ingwell et al. , Toledo‐Aceves ). However, the contribution of lianas to forest‐level PAI and light interception remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of lianas to plant area index and canopy structure in a Panamanian forest

Rodríguez‐Ronderos

Bohrer

Sánchez‐Azofeifa

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Abstract. Lianas are an important component of tropical forests, where they reduce tree growth, fecundity, and survival. Competition for light from lianas may be intense; however, the amount of light that lianas intercept is poorly understood. We used a large-scale liana-removal experiment to quantify light interception by lianas in a Panamanian secondary forest. We measured the change in plant area index (PAI) and forest structure before and after cutting lianas (for 4 yr) in eight 80 m × 80 m plots and eight control plots (16 plots total). We used ground-based LiDAR to measure the 3-dimensional canopy structure before cutting lianas, and then annually for 2 yr afterwards. Six weeks after cutting lianas, mean plot PAI was 20% higher in control vs. liana removal plots. One yr after cutting lianas, mean plot PAI was ~17% higher in control plots. The differences between treatments diminished significantly 2 yr after liana cutting and, after 4 yr, trees had fully compensated for liana removal. Ground-based LiDAR revealed that lianas attenuated light in the upper-and middle-forest canopy layers, and not only in the upper canopy as was previously suspected. Thus, lianas compete with trees by intercepting light in the upper-and mid-canopy of this forest.

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“…, Tanner and Barberis , Chen et al. , Toledo‐Aceves and Swaine , Toledo‐Aceves ). Lianas appear to have well‐developed root and vascular systems, which presumably allow them to take up water and nutrients from the forest floor and transport them efficiently to their crowns (Pérez‐Salicrup and Barker , Andrade et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lianas suppress seedling growth and survival of 14 tree species in a Panamanian tropical forest

Martínez‐Izquierdo

García

Powers

et al. 2016

Ecology

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.Lianas are a common plant growth form in tropical forests, where they compete intensely with trees, decreasing tree recruitment, growth, and survival. If the detrimental effects of lianas vary signifi cantly with tree species identity, as is often assumed, then lianas may infl uence tree species diversity and community composition. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that liana abundance and biomass are increasing relative to trees in neotropical forests, which will likely magnify the detrimental effects of lianas and may ultimately alter tree species diversity, relative abundances, and community composition. Few studies, however, have tested the responses of multiple tree species to the presence of lianas in robust, well-replicated experiments. We tested the hypotheses that lianas reduce tree seedling growth and survival, and that the effect of lianas varies with tree species identity. We used a large-scale liana removal experiment in Central Panama in which we planted 14 replicate seedlings of 14 different tree species that varied in shade tolerance in each of 16 80 × 80 m plots (eight liana-removal and eight unmanipulated controls; 3136 total seedlings). Over a nearly two-yr period, we found that tree seedlings survived 75% more, grew 300% taller, and had twice the aboveground biomass in liana-removal plots than seedlings in control plots, consistent with strong competition between lianas and tree seedlings. There were no signifi cant differences in the response of tree species to liana competition (i.e., there was no species by treatment interaction), indicating that lianas had a similar negative effect on all 14 tree species. Furthermore, the effect of lianas did not vary with tree species shade tolerance classifi cation, suggesting that the liana effect was not solely based on light. Based on these fi ndings, recently observed increases in liana abundance in neotropical forests will substantially reduce tree regeneration, but will not signifi cantly alter tropical tree species diversity, relative abundance, or community composition.

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Above‐ and belowground competition between lianas and trees

Cited by 32 publications

References 94 publications

Blurred lines between competition and parasitism

Blurred lines between competition and parasitism

Contribution of lianas to plant area index and canopy structure in a Panamanian forest

Lianas suppress seedling growth and survival of 14 tree species in a Panamanian tropical forest

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