About the pathophysiology of acute unilateral vestibular deficit – vestibular neuritis (VN) or peripheral vestibulopathy (PVP)?

Uffer, Denis S; Hegemann, Stefan

doi:10.3233/ves-160581

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is a clinical condition characterized by sudden, severe, and prolonged vertigo that develops over seconds, minutes, or hours. AVS of peripheral origin is a result of the asymmetric vestibular nerve input due to acute unilateral vestibular nerve or labyrinthine damage ( 1 ). Patients often have a presumed viral or immune related cause for their symptoms of AVS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Bilateral Superior Branch Vestibular Neuropathy

et al. 2018

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The rapid onset of a bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) is often attributed to vestibular ototoxicity. However, without any prior exposure to ototoxins, the idiopathic form of BVH is most common. Although sequential bilateral vestibular neuritis (VN) is described as a cause of BVH, clinical evidence for simultaneous and acute onset bilateral VN is unknown. We describe a patient with an acute onset of severe gait ataxia and oscillopsia with features compatible with acute BVH putatively due to a bilateral VN, which we serially evaluated with clinical and laboratory vestibular function testing over the course of 1 year. Initially, bilateral superior and horizontal semicircular canals and bilateral utricles were impaired, consistent with damage to both superior branches of each vestibular nerve. Hearing was spared. Only modest results were obtained following 6 months of vestibular rehabilitation. At a 1-year follow-up, only the utricular function of one side recovered. This case is the first evidence supporting an acute presentation of bilateral VN as a cause for BVH, which would not have been observed without critical assessment of each of the 10 vestibular end organs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Bilateral Superior Branch Vestibular Neuropathy

et al. 2018

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“…The use of cell cultures from adult animals is especially important for vestibular research, since many problems of the vestibular system, such as dizziness, falls, balance disorders, and vertigo, are commonly seen in advanced age. Isolated cell cultures have not been used for physiological studies of MVN neurons, which have been implicated in the mechanisms of vestibular compensation, an experimental model for lesion-induced plasticity, and in age-related vestibular disorders (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and culture of adult mouse vestibular nucleus neurons

Him¹,

Altuntaş²,

Öztürk³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Isolated cell cultures are widely used to study neuronal properties due to their advantages. Although embryonic animals are preferred for culturing, their morphological or electrophysiological properties may not reflect adult neurons, which may be important in neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims to develop a method for preparing isolated cell cultures of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) from adult mice and describe its morphological and electrophysiological properties.Materials and methods: Vestibular nucleus neurons were mechanically and enzymatically isolated and cultured using a defined medium with known growth factors. Cell survival was measured with propidium iodide, and electrophysiological properties were investigated with current-clamp recording.Results: Vestibular neurons grew neurites in cultures, gaining adult-like morphological properties, and stayed viable for 3 days in culture. Adding bovine calf serum, nerve growth factor, or insulin-like growth factor into the culture medium enhanced neuronal viability. Current-clamp recording of the cultured neurons revealed tonic and phasic-type neurons with similar input resistance, resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and duration. Conclusion:Vestibular neurons from adult mice can be cultured, and regenerate axons in a medium containing appropriate growth factors. Culturing adult vestibular neurons provides a new method to study age-related pathologies of the vestibular system.

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“…[Unless the patient has herpes zoster with vestibular and cochlear and nerves involved ( 15 )]. For some or all of these reasons some prefer the simple, non-committal term, acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy ( 16 ). Here we will continue to call it “vestibular neuritis.”…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%