Abortion in mice associated with Pasteurella pneumotropica

Ward, Gerald; Moffatt, R E; Olfert, Ernest D.

doi:10.1128/jcm.8.2.177-180.1978

Cited by 29 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Besides the welfare implications for aged mice, related to the potential development of preputial gland abscesses and ascending urinary tract inflammation, 21 infected males with high bacterial loads could be responsible for the transmission of infection to females at the time of breeding, potentially causing metritis, foetal resorption, abortion or stillbirth. 22 In this context, it is advisable to retire aged mice from reproduction, even though they are still fertile. In addition, an increased frequency of cage changes and more stringent sanitation procedures are warranted in long-term studies to improve housing conditions and to reduce the transmission of opportunistic pathogens through the contaminated microenvironment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages

Di¹,

Minoli²,

Ferrario³

et al. 2021

Lab Anim

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Spontaneous infections of the preputial glands represent overlooked health problems in mice that could raise welfare concerns and potentially confound scientific experiments. Agents involved in preputial gland infections have rarely been investigated, with opportunistic pathogens of laboratory animals usually detected in inflamed preputial glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infection in the preputial glands and the relationship between haematological and pathological changes and infection status. We analysed 40 preputial glands from 20 one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl male mice by using bacteriology, haematology and pathology. Bacteria were isolated from 16/20 (80%) mice, for a total of 32/40 (80%) examined preputial glands. Enterobacter cloacae, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in 35%, 17.5%, 15% and 12.5% of the examined glands, respectively. Preputial gland inflammation was identified in 29/40 (72.5%) glands and was classified as chronic interstitial adenitis in 27 cases and suppurative adenitis in the remaining two glands. No haematological changes were found in mice with infected glands. Histologically, the presence of intralesional bacteria, intraluminal necrotic material, intraluminal keratin accumulation, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate and granulocytes (intraluminal and/or interstitial), along with total inflammatory score and total histopathological score, were significantly increased in infected glands and correlated with the bacterial load. Most severe inflammatory changes were identified after S. aureus infection, while ductal hyperkeratosis was significantly increased in glands infected with Klebsiella spp. In conclusion, preputial gland infection was a common event in one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and bacterial load correlated with pathological findings, while systemic effects were not highlighted by haematology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages

Di¹,

Minoli²,

Ferrario³

et al. 2021

Lab Anim

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Mouse

Percy¹,

Barthold

2007

Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits

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The laboratory mouse is an artificial creation, and there is no true "wildtype" laboratory mouse. Furthermore, there is no such thing as "normal" microflora, since laboratory mice are maintained in microbially pristine environments devoid of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens, as well as other commensal flora/fauna. House mice, from which laboratory mice originated, are represented by several species and subspecies native to the Old World. Laboratory mice are largely derived from domesticated "fancy mice" that arose from many years of trading of mouse variants among fanciers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. The laboratory mouse genome, including its retroelements, is a mosaic derived from different subspecies of the Mus musculus complex, including M.m. domesticus, M.m. musculus, M.m. castaneus, M.m. molossinus (a natural hybrid of M.m. musculus and M.m. castaneus), and M. bactrianus.The genome of M.m. domesticus is the predominant contributor to most strains of mice, but many inbred strains share a common "Eve" with a mitochondrial genome of M.m. musculus origin, and a common "Adam" that contributed their Y chromosome from Asian mice. In addition, there is evidence that other Mus species, outside of the M. musculus complex, may have contributed to the genome of some laboratory mouse strains. The C57BL mouse genome contains a contribution from M. spretus. The 1st inbred mouse (DBA), and other strains with DBA genetic contributions, was partially derived from Japanese waltzing mice with M. bactrianus parentage. Perhaps the only laboratory mouse that is derived from a single species (subspecies), M.m. domesticus, is the "Swiss" mouse, but there is a high likelihood that several Swiss stocks and strains have been genetically corrupted.There are over 450 inbred strains of laboratory mice that have arisen during the last century, and these strains, which were selectively inbred to pan-genomic homozygosity for purposes entirely unrelated to modern research, are the foundation upon which literally thousands of spontaneous mutants and GEMs have been built. Additional inbred strains have been developed from wild mice (M.m. castaneus, M. spretus, etc.). Furthermore, "outbred" mice (mostly Swiss mice) are highly homozygous and nearly inbred. There is no such thing as an outbred laboratory mouse with a fully heterozygous genome representative of wildtype M. musculus, and there is no wild mouse genetic counterpart of the laboratory mouse. When working with mice, the pathologist must also become facile with hybrids,

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Mice

2017

Pathology of Small Mammal Pets

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Abortion in mice associated with Pasteurella pneumotropica

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages

Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages

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Mice

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