Abnormalities of the pulmonary veins: evaluation with MR imaging and comparison with cardiac angiography and echocardiography.

Abstract

Seventy-seven patients underwent T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Group 1 (n = 56) consisted of patients with various types of congenital heart disease but normal pulmonary veins. Group 2 (n = 22) consisted of patients with the following conditions: partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (n = 11), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (n = 5), cor triatriatum (n = 4), or pulmonary vein stenosis (n = 2). In group 1, the sites of connections of all four pulmonary veins were identified with MR imaging in 88% of cases; the connections of at least three pulmonary veins were seen in all patients. In group 2, the prospective detection rate of pulmonary venous abnormalities with MR imaging was 95%. The prospective detection rates of pulmonary venous abnormalities with cardiac angiography (n = 13) and echo-cardiography (n = 13) were 69% and 38%, respectively. This study indicates that MR imaging can accurately demonstrate the normal pulmonary veins and abnormalities of the pulmonary veins.

Variation of the size of pulmonary venous ostia during the cardiac cycle: optimal reconstruction window at ECG-gated multi-detector row CT

“…Masui et al [12] reported that MRI is superior to TEE in displaying pulmonary veins because of the complicated structures in the area of the pulmonary vein confluence. Wittkampf et al [13] suggested that true ostium dimensions can only be measured with threedimensional imaging techniques like CT or MR angiography.…”

Role of Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Diagnosis of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage

“…In most cases, it was possible to tell whether they supplied a single lobe or entire lung (30% drained into the right upper lobe, and 18.1% supplied the right pulmonary artery). Additional findings during the scan included aneurysmal dilatation of a MAPCA to the right pulmonary artery (1), hypoplastic pulmonary artery branch (2), coincident pulmonary venous stenosis (1), anomalous brachiocephalic vein (1), coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula (1), and evaluation of stenoses of MAPCAs (none seen). In 25.5% of cases, there was a dual supply to parts of the lungs, with flow from both MAPCAs and central pulmonary arteries.…”

“…1 Accurate diagnosis is important for both optimal management and prognostic evaluation. 2,3 The utility of CMR in the detection of extracardiac venous and arterial vascular anomalies, such as partial anomalous venous drainage (PAPVD) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs), has been hampered by poor resolution, lack of real-time data, long study times, and lack of 3D reconstruction.…”

Cor Triatriatum Dexter

“…[6,7] MRI has higher detection rate of cor triatrium dexter as compared to conventional echocardiography. [8] Baweja et al, reported a case in which 3D transesophageal echocardiography was able to detect cor triatriatum dexter in partial atrioventricularseptal defect (AVSD) patient that was missed by 2D echocardiography. [9] Asymptomatic patients are generally not treated unless they are undergoing cardiac surgery for other reasons.…”