Abnormal Neurovascular Control during Sympathoexcitation in Obesity

Kuniyoshi, Fatima H. Sert; Trombetta, Ivani C.; Batalha, L. T.; Rondon, Maria Urbana Pinto Brandão; Laterza, Mateus Camaroti; Gowdak, Mmg; Barretto, Antônio Carlos Pereira; Halpern, Alfredo; Villares, S M; Lima, Emerson Quintino de; Negräo, Carlos Eduardo

doi:10.1038/oby.2003.190

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition, the observed insulin levels were higher than other published studies in obese individuals (e.g. ~35 uU/mL vs ~15 uU/mL) [12, 14]. Recently, insulin (in the form of a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp) has been shown to increase sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity while having little effect on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Acute cyclooxygenase inhibition and baroreflex sensitivity in lean and obese adults

et al. 2016

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Purpose Obese adults exhibit increased levels of inflammation which may negatively affect blood pressure regulation. Based on existing literature, we hypothesized: 1) baroreflex sensitivity would be lower in obese adults when compared to lean adults, 2) acute ibuprofen (IBU, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent) administration would increase baroreflex sensitivity in obese adults, with no effect in lean adults. Methods Seven lean (4M, 3F) and six obese (5M, 1F) adults completed two visits randomized to control (CON) or IBU (800 mg oral). On each visit, blood pressure (intra-arterial catheter), heart rate (ECG), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) were measured continuously. Sympathetic and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity were assessed using the modified Oxford technique. Results Measures of systemic inflammation [C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were higher in obese adults when compared to lean adults, and tended to decrease with IBU (IL-6: p<0.05; CRP: p=0.14). Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity was lower in obese adults (14±2 vs 24±2 ms/mmHg, p=0.02), whereas sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was higher in obese adults (−3.6±0.5 vs −2.1±0.5 bursts/100 beats/mmHg, p=0.03) when compared to lean. There was no effect of IBU on cardiac or sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in either group (p-value range 0.20 – 0.71). Conclusion Despite obese individuals exhibiting higher levels of systemic inflammation and lower cardiac baroreflex sensitivity when compared to lean adults, an acute dose of IBU has no effect on cardiac or sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Acute cyclooxygenase inhibition and baroreflex sensitivity in lean and obese adults

et al. 2016

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“…Previous research has shown that the elevations in HR and systolic blood pressure are associated with forearm vasodilation in response to acute stress in healthy adults (Pike et al 2009). Kuniyoshi et al (2003) found that elevated HR and blood pressure were similar in normal-weight and obese individuals after an acute mental stress event. In this study, the percent change in HR was only significantly correlated with the percent change in EBF immediately poststress in normal-weight individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stress-induced microvascular reactivity in normal-weight and obese individuals

Huang

Franco

Evans

et al. 2014

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Obesity has been shown to have profound effects on hemodynamics and neurological states in humans. Previous studies have demonstrated that obese individuals are highly susceptible to increases in tension, anxiety, and depression. However, the relationship between mental stressors and vascular fluidity in obese humans is not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate mental-stress-induced microvascular reactivity (excess blood flow (EBF)) in normal-weight and obese individuals. In addition, the relationships between potential vascular response modulators (heart rate (HR) and norepinephrine (NE)) and EBF were examined. Twenty-two male subjects were classified as obese (n = 12) or normal-weight (n = 10), and each subject completed a 20 min bout of acute mental stress. Our analyses demonstrate significant elevations in forearm blood flow (FBF) and EBF immediately after mental stress in both normal-weight and obese groups. HR was only correlated with EBF immediately poststress in the normal-weight group. Furthermore, stress-induced plasma NE was not associated with FBF or EBF in either group, although in the obese group, stress-induced plasma NE was associated with body mass index and percent body fat. These results suggest that microvascular reactivity after mental stress is not directly related to plasma NE in normal-weight or obese individuals. The novel results presented in this study provide a foundation for additional examination of the mechanisms involved in the effects of mental stress on microvascular reactivity.

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“…Although cold stress has been applied for 3 min in some studies, it has also been applied for 2 min in others (e.g., Olga et al, 1995; Schobel et al, 1995; Busjahn et al, 1996; O'Sullivan and Bell, 2001; Kuniyoshi et al, 2003; Porcelli et al, 2008, 2012; Porcelli and Delgado, 2009). Other studies have even used a 1 min exposure (e.g., Maekawa et al, 1999; Duncko et al, 2007, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute stress exposure on striatal activity during Pavlovian conditioning with monetary gains and losses

Lewis

Porcelli

Delgado

2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Pavlovian conditioning involves the association of an inherently neutral stimulus with an appetitive or aversive outcome, such that the neutral stimulus itself acquires reinforcing properties. Across species, this type of learning has been shown to involve subcortical brain regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. It is less clear, however, how the neural circuitry involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian contingencies in humans, particularly in the striatum, is affected by acute stress. In the current study, we investigate the effect of acute stress exposure on Pavlovian conditioning using monetary reinforcers. Participants underwent a partial reinforcement conditioning procedure in which neutral stimuli were paired with high and low magnitude monetary gains and losses. A between-subjects design was used, such that half of the participants were exposed to cold stress while the remaining participants were exposed to a no stress control procedure. Cortisol measurements and subjective ratings were used as measures of stress. We observed an interaction between stress, valence, and magnitude in the ventral striatum, with the peak in the putamen. More specifically, the stress group exhibited an increased sensitivity to magnitude in the gain domain. This effect was driven by those participants who experienced a larger increase in circulating cortisol levels in response to the stress manipulation. Taken together, these results suggest that acute stress can lead to individual differences in circulating cortisol levels which influence the striatum during Pavlovian conditioning with monetary reinforcers.

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Abnormal Neurovascular Control during Sympathoexcitation in Obesity

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Acute cyclooxygenase inhibition and baroreflex sensitivity in lean and obese adults

Acute cyclooxygenase inhibition and baroreflex sensitivity in lean and obese adults

Stress-induced microvascular reactivity in normal-weight and obese individuals

The effects of acute stress exposure on striatal activity during Pavlovian conditioning with monetary gains and losses

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