Abnormal Infant Neurodevelopment Predicts Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Fish, Barbara; Kendler, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.348

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The view of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder [83][84][85] is a revival of the ideas already present in the era of high-risk research, i.e. longitudinal follow-up studies of offspring of patients with schizophrenia [83,86,87] .…”

Section: Biological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Urfer-Parnas¹,

Mortensen²,

Parnas³

2010

Psychopathology

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Background: The recent literature frequently represents schizophrenia as a deteriorating neurocognitive process similar to organic degenerative dementia. Methods: This study addresses the following questions: (1) Did the classic authors equate degenerative dementia with schizophrenia? (2) Is there empirical evidence pointing to a close similarity between schizophrenia and organic dementia? (3) Does empirical evidence support the view that intellectual impairment and/or more specific neuropsychological dysfunctions are core features of schizophrenia? The classic authors agreed that the intellectual dysfunctions were most likely a consequence rather than a primary, causal factor in the manifestation of schizophrenia despite their consensus on the assumption of its neurobiological origins. Rather, they considered impairments of intelligence and neurocognition as an expression of pseudodementia, i.e. a dementia-like clinical picture caused by a weakening of motivation. Results: The empirical data from the draft, high-risk birth cohort and clinical samples show a low IQ and a variety of neurocognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. These findings are far from universal since substantial proportions of patients do not show deficits. In addition, the empirical morphological and neuropathological evidence does not support any close analogy of schizophrenia with neurodegenerative dementia. Moreover, neurocognitive dysfunctions cannot be considered a core feature of schizophrenia if core is understood as ‘essential’, i.e. constitutive of a diagnosis, or as ‘generative’, i.e. symptom producing. In the phenomenological psychopathological tradition, schizophrenia is seen as a progressive condition marked by autism, which is a profound alteration in the structures (frameworks) of subjectivity (consciousness), manifest in self-relation (self-disorders) and in the relation to the world (lack of natural evidence) and to others (eccentricity, solipsism and isolation). Conclusion: It is suggested that the neurodevelopmental model should integrate interactions between emerging psychological structures and genetic and environmental factors.

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Section: Biological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…longitudinal follow-up studies of offspring of patients with schizophrenia [83,86,87] . The high-risk studies have decisively challenged the picture of schizophrenia as a temporally well-demarcated disorder with datable onset.…”

Section: Biological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Urfer-Parnas¹,

Mortensen²,

Parnas³

2010

Psychopathology

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“…Pioneering prospective studies by Bender and later Fish described 'pandysmaturation' in motor, intellectual, and adaptive functioning of infants who subsequently developed schizophrenia (Bender 1947; Fish et al 1965). Developmental delays have been detected in infancy and early childhood in numerous studies both in offspring of patients with schizophrenia and 'pre-schizophrenics', including abnormalities in acquisition and refinement of language, gross motor delays in standing and walking, and delayed physical growth (Fish & Kendler 2005; Fish et al 1992; Isohanni et al 2001; Jones et al 1994). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enuresis as a premorbid developmental marker of schizophrenia

Hyde

Deep-Soboslay

Iglesias

et al. 2008

Brain

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SUMMARY There is comparatively little information about premorbid maturational brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. We investigated whether a history of childhood enuresis, a well-established marker of neurodevelopmental delay, is associated with schizophrenia and with measures of brain abnormalities also associated with schizophrenia. A DSM-IV based history of enuresis, volumetric brain MRI scans, and neuropsychological testing were obtained in patients with schizophrenia, their non-psychotic siblings, and non-psychiatric controls. The subjects were 211 patients (79.6% male), 234 of their siblings (43.2% male), and 355 controls (39.2% male). Frequency of enuresis was compared across groups and correlated with cognitive measures. Total and regional brain volumes were determined using VBM on matched subsets of probands (n=82) with or without enuresis (n=16, n=66, respectively) and controls (n=102) with or without enuresis (n=11, n=91, respectively). Patients with schizophrenia had higher rates of childhood enuresis (21%) compared with siblings (11%; χ2=6.42, p=0.01) or controls (7%; χ2=23.65, p<0.0001) and relative risk for enuresis was increased in siblings (λS=2.62). Patients with enuresis performed worse on two frontal lobe cognitive tests [Letter Fluency (t=1.97, p=0.05, df=200) and Category Fluency (t=2.15, p=0.03, df=200)] as compared with non-enuretic patients. VBM analysis revealed gray matter volume reductions in several frontal regions (right BA 9, right BA 10, and bilateral BA 45), and right superior parietal cortex (BA 7) in patients with a history of enuresis as compared with non-enuretic patients (all t>3.57, all p<0.001). The high frequency of childhood enuresis associated with schizophrenia, and abnormalities in prefrontal function and structure in patients with a childhood history of enuresis suggest that childhood enuresis may be a premorbid marker for neurodevelopmental abnormalities related to schizophrenia. These findings add to the evidence implicating prefrontal dysmaturation in this disorder, potentially related to genetic risk factors.

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“…Participants were assigned to one of two exclusive groups: Group 1 included 27 probands with one or more occurrences of schizophrenia in their firstdegree relatives (familial schizophrenia), and Group 2 included 54 patients who had no first-degree relatives with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (sporadic schizophrenia). Those with schizophrenia spectrum dis-orders were patients who were diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, or psychosis not otherwise specified (NOS) (Chen & Ku, 1993;Fish & Kendler, 2005). A highly trained team of home care staff obtained the patients' family history data.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Dimensions of Schizophrenia

Chen

Lung³

2011

International Journal of Neuroscience

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This study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the construct of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in schizophrenia. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group 1 included 27 probands chosen from families with schizophrenia in first-degree relatives, and Group 2 included 54 schizophrenics who had no families with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. There were no differences in the eye tracking pursuit and the WCST between the sporadic and familial schizophrenics. Gender impacted the catch-up saccades (CUS) and anticipatory saccades (AS) indices of the SPEM, and the conceptual level responses (CLR) index of the WCST. Education impacted the CLR and perseverative errors of the WCST. Although there were no correlation between the SPEM and the WCST, but the two instruments showed good content validity, which might be useful in the subtyping of schizophrenia.

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Abnormal Infant Neurodevelopment Predicts Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Abstract: These first behavioral observations of aberrant neurodevelopment in pre- SZSD infants support the evidence of early neurodevelopmental disorder seen in studies of brain pathology in SZSD adults.

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Core of Schizophrenia: Estrangement, Dementia or Neurocognitive Disorder?

Enuresis as a premorbid developmental marker of schizophrenia

Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Dimensions of Schizophrenia

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