Abnormal Fundus Autofluorescence Results of Patients in Long-term Treatment with Deferoxamine

Unusual Retinopathy Associated With Hemochromatosis

“…6 On fundus examination, multiple discrete hypopigmented circular lesions over the posterior pole, the midperipheral retina, or around the optic disk were observed associated to multiple confluent hyperreflective deposits on SD-OCT in the different layers: RPE, the ellipsoid zone, and choroid. [6][7][8][9][10] Deferoxamine retinopathy and our case share some similarities: the RPE depigmentation, the fundus autofluorescence features, the thickened choroid, and also the small hyperreflective deposits on SD-OCT.…”

“…5 Besides iron overload, retinopathy induced by deferoxamine has been already described, including visual symptoms such as decreased visual acuity, night blindness, color vision abnormalities, cataract, optic neuropathy, and retinopathy. [6][7][8][9][10] Retinal abnormalities described in the literature were pigmentary degeneration in the macular equatorial regions, RPE atrophy, and bull's eye maculopathy. 6 On fundus examination, multiple discrete hypopigmented circular lesions over the posterior pole, the midperipheral retina, or around the optic disk were observed associated to multiple confluent hyperreflective deposits on SD-OCT in the different layers: RPE, the ellipsoid zone, and choroid.…”

Multimodal Imaging in Deferoxamine Retinopathy

“…However, this chelating agent still represents the standard of care for hematologic patients in many countries. [1][2][3][4][5] Characteristic fundus lesions of DFO retinopathy include pigmentary degeneration in the macular and equatorial regions, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, pattern dystrophy-like maculopathies, and bulls-eye maculopathy. 2,[6][7][8] Phenotypic investigation of DFO retinopathy has been based mainly on gold standard tests, such as ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography used for screening asymptomatic patients.…”

“…However, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is superior to ophthalmoscopy in detection of early characteristic RPE abnormalities in patients at risk of DFO retinopathy, as well as in monitoring the disease progression over time. 5,9 The precise pathophysiological mechanism of DFO retinopathy is still unknown; however, it is likely to be multifactorial. Animal experiments and histology studies in human eyes with DFO retinopathy have shown that the degenerative process affects primarily the RPE and Bruch membrane, emphasizing the need to evaluate and monitor the physiologic state of these structures in patients at risk of toxicity.…”

The Role of Multifocal Electroretinography in the Assessment of Drug-Induced Retinopathy: A Review of the Literature

“…Ocular findings of DFO toxicity include cataract, optic neuropathy and retinopathy [50,51,52]. Retinal abnormalities include macular and peripheral pigmentary changes, retinal pigment epithelium degenerations and bull's eye maculopathy [53,54,55]. …”