Abnormal emotional reactivity in depression: Contrasting theoretical models using neurophysiological data

Electrophysiological responses to images ranging in motivational salience: Attentional abnormalities associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder risk

“…Also, other than our measures of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder risk, we did not include other measures of psychological functioning, such as current mood, depression or substance abuse, which can affect electrophysiological responses to emotional stimuli e.g. 53,54 . Thus, future research could include such measures to test whether they account for the current findings.…”

Aerobic exercise enhances positive emotional reactivity in individuals with depressive symptoms: Evidence from neural responses to reward and emotional content

“…The LPP, on the other hand, is a sustained positive potential at midline parietal sites that arises approximately 400 ms after participants view emotional content and reflects enhanced (or sustained) attentional engagement to salient environmental stimuli (Hajcak et al, 2015). Previous research has revealed that greater symptoms of depression are associated with a blunted RewP (Brush, Ehmann, Hajcak, Selby, & Alderman, 2018;Klawohn et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2014;Proudfit, 2015) and a reduced LPP to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli (Hill, South, Egan, & Foti, 2019;Klawohn et al, 2020). This modulation of RewP and LPP amplitudes offers insight into reward processing and emotional reactivity deficits in depression (Brush et al, 2018;Hill, South, Egan, & Foti, 2019), and suggests potential treatment targets for anhedonia in depression.…”

“…The LPP to unpleasant pictures was calculated as the difference between neural activity to unpleasant and neural activity to neutral pictures. Using both a collapsed localizers and an a priori decision process, LPP amplitudes were quantified in an a priori time window of 400-1,000 ms post-stimulus at the Pz electrode site (Hill et al, 2019;Klawohn et al, 2020), where activity was maximal.…”

Emotion context insensitivity in depression: Toward an integrated and contextualized approach

“…Further, Hill et al. (2019) found that depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced LPP to negative pictures more generally. Adults with current or remitted MDD also fail to show decreases in LPP following reappraisal relative to passive viewing of negative images (Bylsma, 2012).…”

“…Reductions in LPP amplitude in response to positive stimuli in depression are also not only specific to monetary reward tasks. For example, in an adult college student sample, depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced LPP in response to positive pictures (Hill et al., 2019). Further, in a clinical sample of MDD and controls, both the LPP and FN in response to positive pictures were independently associated with MDD, suggesting the importance of examining multiple components of reward processing in characterizing MDD (Klawohn et al., 2020).…”