Abiotic Stress Response of Field Crops: Recent Approach

Abstract

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold, are greatly affecting the plant growth and agricultural productivity and causes more than 50% of worldwide yield loss of major crops every year. It is a major global problem that limits crop productivity. Yield potential of modern cultivars is limiting by stress factors. These stresses are increasing because of the declining availability of good quality water, land degradation and pollution. In the plant, stress results in nutritional imbalances causing a reduction in water uptake and an increase in toxicity, decreasing the product. In many parts of the world salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses that limit and pose a threat to agricultural production. These stresses are interconnected as osmotic stress, resulting in the disruption of ion distribution and homeostasis in the cell. In India, abiotic stresses are the primary cause of crop failures. Hence, it is necessary for the adoption of the stress response mechanism in field crops.

C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: Master Regulators of Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants

“…As environmental problems become more severe, abiotic stress factors such as high salinity, low temperature, and drought will increasingly limit plant growth and crop yields Costa and Farrant, 2019). During the long process of evolution, plants have evolved protective mechanisms in response to stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptations (Meng et al, 2018;Bernstein, 2019;Kumari et al, 2019). When a plant is subjected to abiotic stress, a series of adaptive changes occur in the plant cells to maintain growth, including the upregulation or downregulation of various genes (Cui et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2018;Han et al, 2019b).…”

Transformation and expressional studies of GaZnF gene to improve drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

“…Cotton is approximately cultivated on 2079 thousand hectares in 2020–2021 in Pakistan with reduction of 17.4% in cultivated area of cotton as compared to 2019–2020. Pakistan ranked 4th in cotton production and accounts for 0.6% GDP to its economy, hence, considered as “white gold” 6 . Drought stress severely affects the physiological and biochemical processes in cotton, which leads to small boll formation, squares to shed and consequently, low yield and poor fibre quality (Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021–2022).…”

Effect of some treatments on heat stress tolerance of Flame Seedless vineyards

“…Abiotic stresses highly affect in the plant growth and agricultural production and induce more than 50% of worldwide yield loss of man crop annually. it is a major global problem that limits crop and productivity (Kumari et al, 2019). The most common abiotic stresses include high temperature, drought, salinity, soil acidification and extreme radiation exposure, being hard to distinguish the individual impacts of each stress in an open field status, where, all these environmental factors are interrelated (Tester and Bacic 2005;Skirycz and Inze, 2010;Kumari et al, 2019 andFang, 2020).…”

“…it is a major global problem that limits crop and productivity (Kumari et al, 2019). The most common abiotic stresses include high temperature, drought, salinity, soil acidification and extreme radiation exposure, being hard to distinguish the individual impacts of each stress in an open field status, where, all these environmental factors are interrelated (Tester and Bacic 2005;Skirycz and Inze, 2010;Kumari et al, 2019 andFang, 2020). Many attempts were accompanied to alleviate the adverse effect of heat stress on yield and berries quality of grapevines grown under hot conditions.…”