Abiotic Sequence‐Coded Oligomers as Efficient In Vivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials

Abstract

Sequence-defined oligourethanes were tested as in vivo taggants for implant identification. The oligomers were prepared in an orthogonal solid-phase iterative approach and thus contained a coded monomer sequence that can be unequivocally identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The oligomers were then included in small amounts (1 wt %) in square-centimeter-sized crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) model films, which were intramuscularly and subcutaneously implanted in the abdomen of rats. After one week, one month, or three months of implantation, the PVA films were explanted. The rat tissues exposed to the implants did not exhibit any adverse reactions, which suggested that the taggants are not harmful and probably not leaching out from the films. Furthermore, the explanted films were immersed in methanol, as a solvent for oligourethanes, and the liquid extract was analyzed by mass spectrometry. In all cases, the oligourethane taggant was detected, and its sequence was identified by MS/MS.

Iron‐Catalysed Radical Polymerisation by Living Bacteria

“…[18] To investigate retention of chain end functionality (Br), the polymer was chain-extended utilizing similar conditions (Me 6 TREN,P BS,3 78 8C; detailed methods are described in the Supporting Information and can be found in Sec-tion S2. 3). An increase in M n (109 kDa mol À1 ;F igures S6-S9) was observed, but also ad ecrease in control ( = 2).…”

“…However,t he rich diversity of biopolymers is derived from asurprisingly small set of monomers,which are combined and repurposed in myriad ways.I nr ecent years,b iomimetic polymer synthesis has developed rapidly,w ith significant advances in methods to generate complex sequence-controlled materials. [1] These new classes of synthetic polymers offer unprecedented possibilities in applications ranging from information storage and processing [2] through to biomedical sensing [3] and therapeutic delivery. [4] Thec ombination therefore of cellular systems with synthetic or biosynthesized hybrid polymers is now allowing the formation of engineered living materials (ELMs), in which the advantages of natural and artificial systems are combined to generate aw hole new domain of "programmable matter".…”

Materials and Technologies to Combat Counterfeiting of Pharmaceuticals: Current and Future Problem Tackling

“…In theory, any copolymer containing ordered comonomer sequences could be used to store molecular information. [120][121][122][123] Adv. Mater.…”

Von Peptiden lernen: eine Strategie für das Design funktionaler Präzisionspolymer‐Sequenzen

“…[2] Damit wird die chemische Vielfalt der Polymerrückgratstrukturen und der Seitenkettenfunktionen im Vergleich zu der von Biomakromolekülen erheblich erweitert. [6] Darüber hinaus erwiesen sich bestimmte Sequenzen in Polaritätu nd Funktionalitäta ls vorteilhaft füra ntimikrobielle Eigenschaften oder führten zu Selbstorganisation. Der zweite Fall umfasst die radikalische Polymerisation von spontan sequenzbildenden Monomeren, aber auch die Cyclopolymerisation templatfixierter Monomerpaare und die Ringçffnungsmetathese cyclischer Makromonomere.…”

“…[5] Präzisionspolymere haben bereits Verwendung in der Informationskodierung gefunden, um Daten zu speichern oder Fälschungssicherung zu stärken. [6] Darüber hinaus erwiesen sich bestimmte Sequenzen in Polaritätu nd Funktionalitäta ls vorteilhaft füra ntimikrobielle Eigenschaften oder führten zu Selbstorganisation. [7] Sequenzbasierte Funktionen erçffnen bei Präzisionspolymeren neue Mçglichkeiten, um interessante Eigenschaften über sequenzspezifische Wechselwirkungen zu programmieren.…”