Abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-biodegradable polyethylenes

Ojeda, Telmo Francisco Manfron; Dalmolin, Emilene; Forte, Maria M.C.; Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti; Bento, Fátima M.; Camargo, Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.011

Cited by 146 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…5 Oxo-biodegradable additives contain specific transition metals (Mn, Fe and Co) that function as pro-oxidants. 6 These compounds function as catalysts in speeding up the normal reactions of oxidative degradation, with the overall reaction rate increased by several orders of magnitude. The products of the catalyzed oxidative degradation of plastics are precisely the same as those for conventional plastics because, other than the small amount of additive present, these plastics are indeed conventional plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The products of the catalyzed oxidative degradation of plastics are precisely the same as those for conventional plastics because, other than the small amount of additive present, these plastics are indeed conventional plastics. 6 Organometallic complexes are added as pro-oxidants, which in turn accelerate the process of natural weathering. 7 Many researchers have used transition metals in their research, especially Mn, Fe and Co, which function as catalysts and generate initiation radicals during the photo-oxidation of polymers; in addition, transition metals are used in most commercial photodegradable pro-oxidant additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Many researchers have used transition metals in their research, especially Mn, Fe and Co, which function as catalysts and generate initiation radicals during the photo-oxidation of polymers; in addition, transition metals are used in most commercial photodegradable pro-oxidant additives. [8][9][10] The stearates of Fe 3+ , Mn 2+11 and Co 2+ , 8 and iron 6 or metallic compounds such as cobalt stearate, cobalt palmitate cobalt laurate 8 and titanium (VI) dioxide, 12 can function as good pro-oxidants. The oxidative process involves (1) the formation of hydroperoxide and (2) the decomposition of these peroxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and surface properties of low-density polyethylene film modified by photo-oxidation

Suresh

Maruthamuthu

Kannan

et al. 2011

Polym J

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Mechanical and surface properties are considered important in governing the physical strength of polymers. A commercially available oxo-biodegradable polymer additive, which has induced surface and mechanical property changes during photo-oxidation in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, has been studied. LDPE films containing the oxo-biodegradable additive were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV)-B lamps at 30 ± 1 1C for an extended time period. The changes manifested on the polymer surface and in the mechanical properties were studied with respect to surface wettability, surface morphology using scanning electron microscope, surface topology by atomic force microscopy, functional groups by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, absorbance spectra by UV-visible spectroscopy and elongation at break and tensile strength through mechanical testing. The increase in the wettability and surface-free energy of the irradiated samples was attributed to the formation of hydrophilic groups on the polymer surface by photo-oxidation, which occurs by the exposure of PE to UV irradiation in the presence of air. The degree of reduction in the mechanical strength and surface property modifications in our study are appreciable through the use of an oxo-biodegradable additive added to LDPE film samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and surface properties of low-density polyethylene film modified by photo-oxidation

Suresh

Maruthamuthu

Kannan

et al. 2011

Polym J

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“…Por outro lado, a concentração de O 2 , no intervalo estudado (entre 5 e 20%), não influencia no processo de termooxidação do PEBD e PELBD contendo agente pró-degradante [20] . Alguns estudos mostram que a presença de umidade intensifica a degradação abiótica oxidativa, mas o teor de umidade (intervalo estudado entre 60 e 100% de umidade relativa) não interfere na intensidade da degradação [21,25] . Estudos realizados por Chiellini e colaboradores [23] mostram que o tempo de indução para formação de carbonila, em algumas amostras, aumenta na presença de umidade, mas a intensidade de degradação abiótica oxidativa não é influenciada pela ausência ou presença de umidade.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Portanto, qualquer processo, produto ou procedimento que promova a degradação abiótica oxidativa dos polietilenos, também promoverá a degradação biótica deste polímero, desde que compostos de massa molar inferiores àqueles necessários para a assimilação do microrganismo sejam produzidos [19,20,[23][24][25]30,34] . Por outro lado, o produto fabricado com o polímero, o qual se destina à biodegradação, precisa cumprir um período de utilização dentro de seu ciclo de vida e, para isto, deve garantir um tempo de vida útil antes que a degradação abiótica comprometa suas propriedades [6,7,16] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação de sistemas pró-degradantes na degradação termooxidativa do PEAD

2015

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ResumoSistemas pró-degradantes fundamentados em estearatos de ferro e de manganês e o aditivo comercial d2w, fundamentado em sal orgânico de manganês, foram avaliados em filmes de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) em ambiente termooxidativo (estufa a 80 °C e ausência de luz). A degradação termooxidativa foi monitorada por propriedades mecânicas, espectroscopia de infravermelho e cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho. Os resultados mostram que ambos os metais aceleram a degradação termooxidativa do PEAD. Entretanto, o desempenho pró-degradante do estearato de manganês é significativamente superior ao do estearato de ferro. Para o ferro, a degradação aumenta com o aumento da concentração do metal, enquanto que o manganês apresenta valor máximo de degradação em função da concentração. O estado de oxidação do ferro não interfere no desempenho pró-degradante. O aditivo comercial d2w TM acelera, significativamente, a termooxidação do PEAD, mas seu desempenho é inferior ao estearato de manganês provavelmente em função do conjunto de estabilizantes adicionados ao produto comercial. Palavras-chave: degradação, PEAD, estearato de ferro, estearato de manganês, pró-degradante. AbstractThe evaluation of pro-degradant systems based on iron and manganese in the form of metallic stearate, and d2w TM commercial additive, based on organic salt of manganese, was carried out on films of high density polyethylene (HDPE) in thermal oxidative conditions (80 °C oven and absence of light). The thermo oxidative degradation was monitored by mechanical properties, by infrared spectroscopy and by size exclusion cromatography. The results show that both metals accelerate thermal oxidative degradation of HDPE. However, the pro-degrading performance of manganese is significantly higher than iron. Considering iron, the degradation increases with increasing concentration of the metal, while manganese presents the maximum value of degradation depending on the concentration. The oxidation state of iron does not interfere with pro-degrading performance. The commercial additive d2w TM significantly accelerates HDPE thermo-oxidation, but its performance is lower than manganese stearate as a function of the set of stabilizing additives to be added to the commercial product.

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Degradation of Plastics in the Environment

2015

Plastics and Environmental Sustainability

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Abiotic and biotic degradation of oxo-biodegradable polyethylenes

Cited by 146 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanical and surface properties of low-density polyethylene film modified by photo-oxidation

Mechanical and surface properties of low-density polyethylene film modified by photo-oxidation

Avaliação de sistemas pró-degradantes na degradação termooxidativa do PEAD

Degradation of Plastics in the Environment

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