Ability of three yellow pigment producing fungi to colour wood under controlled conditions

Abstract

Inonotus hispidus, Scytalidium ganodermophthorum and two strains of Scytalidium lignicola were tested for their ability to produce yellow extracellular pigment on media plates, sterile wood blocks and non-sterile logs to determine their suitability for use as spalting fungi. All three fungi produced a penetrating yellow pigment in the non-sterile logs after 12 weeks of incubation; however, results from the sterile block tests indicated that the incubation time necessary for I. hispidus to produce sufficient yellow pigment may be as low as 4 weeks of incubation. An incubation period of 4 weeks is the shortest recorded for controlled spalting and will allow for the currently utilised production time for yellow spalted wood of 12 weeks to be substantially decreased using an isolate of I. hispidus as the inoculum.

Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries

“…Draconin red (red) [37,39] Scytalidium ganodermophthorum Uncharacterized (yellow) [36,39] Scytalidium lignicola Uncharacterized (yellow) [36,39] Epicoccum species…”

“…Apart from this, studies have reported the production of the pigment xylindein from Chlorociboria aeruginosa and Chlorociboria aeruginascens, draconin red from Scytalidium cuboideum, and a yellow pigment from Scytalidiium ganodermophthorum and Scytalidium lignicola. Other pigments, such as orevactaene produced from Epicoccum nigrum, emodin, ω-hydroxyemodin, and emodic acid from Hamigera avellanea (formerly known as Talaromyces avellaneus) are also known (Figure 3b, Figure 9b) [33,36,37,39,41,109]. Recently, fungi such as Sanghuangporus baumii and Clonostachys intermedia have been found to produce a yellow pigment under submerged fermentation [71].…”

Feasibility of Coloring Bamboo with the Application of Natural and Extracted Fungal Pigments

“…Noting the sugar preference of S. ganodermophthorum and C. aeruginosa [25] for sucrose instead of glucose, the failure of these two fungi to produce internal pigment on bamboo test blocks was not unexpected. HPLC results on the bamboo confirmed the findings of Fengei and Shao [37], in which bamboo contained a higher amount of glucose and low to non-existent levels of sucrose, which did not allow the aforementioned fungi to develop pigmentation.…”

A Method for Citizen Scientists to Catalogue Worldwide Chlorociboria spp. Distribution

“…[39]. This method could easily be applied to non-fruiting bodied, pigment producing fungi, such as Scytalidium cuboideum, which develops red pigmentation [27], and Scytalidium ganodermophthorum, which develops yellow pigmentation [56,57], although these fungi do not have 'unique' colorants. A final factor that aided in the accurate identification was likely the focus on a single, distinct genus, allowing the participants to focus their attention.…”