Ability of
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>
            Group Strains To Cause Food Poisoning Varies According to Phylogenetic Affiliation (Groups I to VII) Rather than Species Affiliation

Guinebretière, Marie-Hélène; Velge, Philippe; Couvert, Olivier; Carlin, Frédéric; Debuyser, Marie-Laure; Nguyen-Thé, Christophe

doi:10.1128/jcm.00921-10

Cited by 189 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The pattern of toxin production for the strains isolated in the present case is presumably classical for strains implicated in emetic poisoning. Nevertheless, some emetic strains producing NHE were found to be very cytotoxic for Caco-2 cells, as previously reported (14). Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of the genetic determinants for cereulide and the genes encoding potential enterotoxins was recently demonstrated for a B. cereus strain (19,20), which appeared to be particularly virulent.…”

Section: Case Reportsupporting

confidence: 75%

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

et al. 2011

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A lethal intoxication case, which occurred in Brussels, Belgium, is described. A 20-year-old man died following the ingestion of pasta contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Emetic strains of B. cereus were isolated, and high levels of cereulide (14.8 g/g) were found in the spaghetti meal. CASE REPORTOn 1 October 2008, a 20-year-old man became sick after eating a meal of leftovers of spaghetti with tomato sauce, which had been prepared 5 days before and left in the kitchen at room temperature. After school, he warmed the spaghetti in the microwave oven. Immediately after eating, he left home for his sports activities, but he returned 30 min later because of headache, abdominal pain, and nausea. At his arrival, he vomited profusely for several hours and at midnight had two episodes of watery diarrhea. He did not receive any medication and drank only water. After midnight, he fell asleep. The next morning at 11:00 AM, his parents were worried because he did not get up. When they went to his room, they found him dead.Legal examination determined the time of death, presumably at 4:00 AM, approximately 10 h after ingestion of the suspected meal. An autopsy could not be performed until 5 days later. Macroscopically, brownish and moderately softened liver and ascites (550 ml of citrine liquid) were found. The heart was macroscopically normal. A total lysis of the pancreas was also found, but it could not be excluded that this finding was due to the autopsy delay.Microscopic findings were as follows: moderate centrolobular liver necrosis without inflammatory signs and discrete biliary stasis, significant vascular congestion of the lungs, probably due to acute cardiac insufficiency, significant necrosis from all layers of colon mucosa and submucosa alternating with betterpreserved zones, and mixed intestinal flora but no evidence of invasive bacterial lesions. Significant lysis of the adrenal glands was also reported. The exact cause of death could not be determined by the autopsy because the interpretation of findings was very difficult due to the autopsy delay.Five fecal swabs and two feces samples were taken postmortem, and samples were tested for the presence of Bacillus cereus by growth on mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar. B. cereus was found in only two of the five fecal swabs, and the strains isolated were named ISP321 and ISP322. No B. cereus was cultured from the feces samples. Pasta and tomato sauce samples, the leftovers of the dinner, were also sent for analysis to the National Reference Laboratory for Food-borne Outbreaks (NRLFBO). For enumeration of B. cereus in food samples, the ISO 7932 method (16) was used. Significant B. cereus counts (9.5 ϫ 10 7 CFU/g) were found in the pasta, while B. cereus was absent in the tomato sauce. The strain isolated from the pasta meal was named ISP303.PCR assays that detect the presence of toxin genes were applied to DNA from the pasta isolate (ISP303) and the two human isolates (ISP321 and ISP322), and the results are presented in Table 1. The presence of genes encoding ...

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Section: Case Reportsupporting

confidence: 75%

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

et al. 2011

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“…Amino acid sequence comparison and multiple-sequence alignment of CrdA, CrdB, and CrdC showed that these large proteins are made up of 35,19, and 16 copies of a 132-aa homologous domain, respectively (average sequence identity, 40 to 50% among the domains within and between proteins; Fig. 1; see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While their chromosomes are similar and syntenic, the different pathogenic properties and host specificities are often determined by plasmids (28,44,45). Altogether, the B. cereus group population has been well studied and can be divided into seven major phylogenetic clusters that correlate with ecological and toxicological properties and in which strains from the various "species" are intermixed (18,19,54).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary History and Functional Characterization of Three Large Genes Involved in Sporulation in Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria

et al. 2011

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The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is a group of closely related species that are of medical and economic relevance, including B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis. Bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group encode three large, highly conserved genes of unknown function (named crdA, crdB, and crdC) that are composed of 16 to 35 copies of a repeated domain of 132 amino acids at the protein level. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that there is a phylogenetic bias in the genomic distribution of these genes and that strains harboring all three large genes mainly belong to cluster III of the B. cereus group phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary history of the three large genes implicates gain, loss, duplication, internal deletion, and lateral transfer. Furthermore, we show that the transcription of previously identified antisense open reading frames in crdB is simultaneously regulated with its host gene throughout the life cycle in vitro, with the highest expression being at the onset of sporulation. In B. anthracis, different combinations of double-and triple-knockout mutants of the three large genes displayed slower and less efficient sporulation processes than the parental strain. Altogether, the functional studies suggest an involvement of these three large genes in the sporulation process.

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“…LM1212 proved to be closely related to Bt serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and to Bt serovar finitimus strain YBT-020. Both these strains cluster within the B. cereus group clade that contains B. anthracis, a clade variously described as 'group 1', 'group III', 'the anthrax clade' or the 'C clade' (Priest et al, 2004;Sorokin et al, 2006;Guinebretière et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2010b). The PlcR-PapR and NprR-NprX systems (Perchat et al, 2011) of LM1212 were found identical to those of the anthrax-casing B. cereus G9241, although it contained no anthrax toxin genes and did not produce a capsule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These species names do not represent good monophyletic groups, so it is difficult to distinguish them using chromosomal genetic typing methods (Helgason et al, 2000;Vilas-Boas et al, 2007;Raymond et al, 2010a). However, phylogenetic analysis of strains characterized by multiple locus sequence typing suggests that closely related strains are likely to have similar ecology or host association (Guinebretière et al, 2010;Raymond et al, 2010b;Raymond and Bonsall, 2013a). In this study, we identified LM1212 as a strain of Bt, based on both genetic typing methods (Supplementary Figure S3; Supplementary Table S3) and phenotypic identification (Figures 1b and 2; Supplementary Figures S2A and B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Division of labour and terminal differentiation in a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain

et al. 2014

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A major challenge in bacterial developmental biology has been to understand the mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions. Some differentiated cell types display cooperative behaviour. Cooperation is one of the greatest mysteries of evolutionary biology and microbes have been considered as an excellent system for experimentally testing evolution theories. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore-forming bacterium, which is genetically closely related to B. anthracis, the agent of anthrax, and to B. cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen. The defining feature that distinguishes Bt from its relatives is its ability to produce crystal inclusions in the sporulating cells. These toxins are solubilized after ingestion and are cooperative public goods in insect hosts. In this study, we describe a Bt strain LM1212 that presents the unique ability to terminally differentiate into crystal producers and spore formers. Transcriptional analysis based on lacZ and gfp reporter genes suggested that this phenotype is the consequence of a new type of cell differentiation associated with a novel regulation mode of cry gene expression. The differentiating crystal-producer phenotype has higher spore productivity than a typical Bt strain and is better able to compete with Cry toxin null 'cheaters'. Potentially, this division of labour provides additional fitness benefits in terms of spore viability or durability of Cry toxin.

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Ability of Bacillus cereus Group Strains To Cause Food Poisoning Varies According to Phylogenetic Affiliation (Groups I to VII) Rather than Species Affiliation

Cited by 189 publications

References 24 publications

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

Evolutionary History and Functional Characterization of Three Large Genes Involved in Sporulation in Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria

Division of labour and terminal differentiation in a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain

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