Aberration-free measurements of the visibility of isoluminant gratings

Sekiguchi, Nobutoshi; Williams, David R.; Brainard, David H.

doi:10.1364/josaa.10.002105

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This device, which is described by Sekiguchi et al, 10 permits forced-choice contrast sensitivity measurements without blurring by the optics of the eye. Each interferometer generated a collimated beam containing the interference fringe.…”

Section: Interferometric Methods a Observersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye

et al. 1994

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We compare two methods for measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the human eye: an interferometric method similar to that of Campbell and Green [J. Physiol. (London) 181,576 (1965)] and a double-pass procedure similar to that of Santamaria et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1109(1987]. We implemented various improvements in both techniques to reduce error in the estimates of the MTF. We used the same observers, refractive state, pupil size (3 mm), and wavelength (632.8 nm) for both methods. In the double-pass method we found close agreement between the plane of subjective best focus for the observer and the plane of objective best focus, suggesting that much of the reflected light is confined within individual cones throughout its double pass through the receptor layer. The double-pass method produced MTF's that were similar to but slightly lower than those of the interferometric method. This additional loss in modulation transfer is probably attributable to light reflected from the choroid, because green light, which reduces the contribution of the choroid to the fundus reflection, produces somewhat higher MTF's that are consistent with the interferometric results. When either method is used, the MTF's lie well below those obtained with the aberroscope method [Vision Res. 28, 659 (1988)]. On the basis of the interferometric method, we propose a new estimate of the monochromatic MTF of the eye.

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Section: Interferometric Methods a Observersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye

et al. 1994

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“…This phase locking becomes progressively more difficult at higher spatial frequencies due to head movements and transverse chromatic aberration. The fringes are superimposed on a yellow background sufficiently bright that the masking effect oflaser speckle was negligible (3,6). Fig.…”

Section: Stimuli For Measuring Ideal and Human Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the ideal observer, analytic descriptions of the stimuli were used as input to a computational model; for the human observers, the stimuli were generated with a dual laser interferometer (3).…”

Section: Stimuli For Measuring Ideal and Human Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When they were in phase, a yellow isochromatic stimulus was produced. Sekiguchi et al (3) showed that observers can set contrast thresholds that provide valid estimates of both red-green isoluminant and isochromatic contrast sensitivity while viewing this single time-varying stimulus. The advantage of drifting the red and green gratings is that it avoids the need to keep them in register.…”

Section: Stimuli For Measuring Ideal and Human Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This comparison reveals the properties of the neural mechanisms that underlie human performance. This paper summarizes work described by Seki-guchi et al (3,4) to which readers are referred for details of the psychophysical experiments and computational model.…”

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Color, contrast sensitivity, and the cone mosaic.

Williams

Sekiguchi

Brainard

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This paper evaluates the role of various stages in the human visual system in the detection of spatial patterns. Contrast sensitivity measurements were made for interference fringe stimuli in three directions in color space with a psychophysical technique that avoided blurring by the eye's optics including chromatic aberration. These measurements were compared with the performance of an ideal observer that incorporated optical factors, such as photon catch in the cone mosaic, that influence the detection of interference fringes. The comparison of human and ideal observer performance showed that neural factors influence the shape as well as the height of the foveal contrast sensitivity function for all color directions, including those that involve luminance modulation. Furthermore, when optical factors are taken into account, the neural visual system has the same contrast sensitivity for isoluminant stimuli seen by the middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) and longwavelength-sensitive (L) cones and isoluminant stimuli seen by the short:wavelength-sensitive (S) cones. Though the cone submosaics that feed these chromatic mechanisms have very different spatial properties, the later neural stages apparently have similar spatial properties. Finally, we review the evidence that cone sampling can produce aliasing distortion for gratings with spatial frequencies exceeding the resolution limit. Aliasing can be observed with gratings modulated in any of the three directions in color space we used. We discuss mechanisms that prevent aliasing in most ordinary viewing conditions.There has been considerable recent interest in understanding how color and luminance information are processed in the visual system. It is well known that the mechanisms sensitive to chromatic modulation have inferior resolution to those sensitive to luminance modulation (1), but the reasons why this is so are not yet clear. This paper examines the role of the first few stages of the visual system in detecting spatial patterns that vary in chromaticity or luminance. Wilson Geisler (2) has developed an elegant computational approach to this problem based on the theory of ideal observers. We describe an ideal observer similar to Geisler's and use it to examine the effect on contrast sensitivity of optical factors such as those associated with the cone mosaic. We then compare ideal observer performance with new measurements of human contrast sensitivity for patterns modulated in different color directions. This comparison reveals the properties of the neural mechanisms that underlie human performance. This paper summarizes work described by Sekiguchi et al. (3,4) to which readers are referred for details of the psychophysical experiments and computational model. Stimuli for Measuring Ideal and Human Contrast SensitivityWe computed the contrast sensitivity of the ideal observer and measured the contrast sensitivity of human observers with the same stimulus set. For the ideal observer, analytic descriptions of the stimuli were used as input to a computa...

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Infant Visual Perception

Kellman¹,

Arterberry²

2007

Handbook of Child Psychology

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Aberration-free measurements of the visibility of isoluminant gratings

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye

Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye

Color, contrast sensitivity, and the cone mosaic.

Infant Visual Perception

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