Abdominal Hydatidosis: Unusual and Usual Locations in a North Indian Population

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to assess various locations in the abdomen wherein hydatid cysts can occur in an Indian population. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 38 patients of 20-55 years of age in an Indian population, who were diagnosed with hydatidosis on ultrasound and computed tomography. The measurement and location of the cysts were taken by the double operator method. Patients were followed up until post-surgical and histopathological diagnosis. Results Among the observed patients, the most common age group was 30-40 years (36.85%), with male predominance (76%). The most commonly involved organ was liver (71.1%) followed by the kidney (10.5%) and peritoneum (8%), pancreas (2.6%), spleen (2.6%), common bile duct (2.6%) and adnexa (2.6%). Conclusion In spite of the usual presenting features, the locations of the cysts were unusual, thus warranting the importance of making the diagnosis before rupture of the cysts and thereby preventing life-threatening complications such as anaphylactic shock.

Rare locations of hydatid disease evaluated by radiological imaging.

“…Other rare sites include heart, spleen, pancreas and skeletal muscle, are also involved. 2 In our study, the organs like ovary, abdominal wall, sacral canal, psoas muscle and lung hilum were involved which exceedingly rare given in Table-I. Lewall recently introduced pathology-based classification on hydatid disease. 3 The most common complications of hydatid disease are its rupture and secondary infection.…”

“…3,4 (1) That includes, contained rupture, it is clinically silent, the Endocyst, most inner layer, ruptures, in this type cyst contents are confined within the pericyst. (2) In communicating rupture, the cyst ruptures into the biliary and bronchial radicles that are incorporated in the Pericyst, most outer layer, and may result in biliary obstruction or secondary infection. 3In Direct rupture includes rupture of both the endocyst and pericyst, with spillage of cyst contents into the peritoneal or pleural cavities or other structures.…”

Diagnosis of Hepatic Hydatid Cysts by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

“…The cysts were found in the liver (71.1 %), kidney (10.5 %), and peritoneum (8 %), followed by the pancreas, spleen, common bile duct, and adnexa (2.6 % each). Except for the liver, the locations of the hydatid cysts were not in accordance with the literature, a phenomenon that causes late diagnoses and risk of rupture during routine diagnostic puncture of the cyst [3].…”

“…Human beings may be accidentally infected either by ingesting contaminated food or water, or by direct animal contact [2][3][4]. Therefore, unsuspected infections and cysts evolving symptomless often present diagnostic challenges in non-endemic areas.…”

“…Jain et al reviewed the data of 38 Indian patients, between 20 and 55 years of age and including 76 % males, with a diagnosis of hydatidosis based on ultrasound and computed tomography [3]. The cysts were found in the liver (71.1 %), kidney (10.5 %), and peritoneum (8 %), followed by the pancreas, spleen, common bile duct, and adnexa (2.6 % each).…”