Abdominal Fat Assessment in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hoover, Loretta W.; Boote, Evan J.; Hillard, A E; Thomas, Tom; Firman, Jeffre D.; Hewett, John E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_49

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A lot of evidence demonstrates the impact of aging and menopause on body weight and body composition: The age-related increase in fat mass and waist circumference is greater in women than in men [1], and furthermore the Perrone/Liu/Capri/Critelli/Barillaro/ Galoppi/Zichella ovarian steroids influence fat distribution [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Menopause and HRT are both commonly indicated by women as a cause of weight gain [1,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors demonstrated that HRT prevents the increase in body weight [14][15][16][17][18], body fat and fat redistribution which is caused by menopause [6,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23]; others did not confirm the protective HRT effect [3,5,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postmenopausal women often undergo an increase in body weight [1,2] and a change in body composition and fat distribution [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Moreover, the increase in fat in the central region of the body (android fat body distribution), which is prevalent in postmenopause, is related to an increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Long-Term Users of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Perrone¹,

Liu²,

Capri³

et al. 1999

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the body composition and fat distribution in long-term users of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). 18 healthy menopausal women, long-term users of HRT (transdermal estradiol 50 μg continuously administered and 10 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate for 12 days/month) and 18 healthy menopausal women, who had never used HRT were included in the study. Age, menopausal age, parity, weight and height (body mass index, weight/height²), and lifestyle habits were similar. Waist and hip circumference, body composition and waist/hip ratio were measured and the results were analyzed. No significant difference was demonstrated in fat and water percentage, and waist/hip ratio. Nevertheless, the waist circumference of long-term HRT users was significantly lower than that of non-users. In conclusion, abdominal fat in long-term HRT users is lower than that of non-users of similar age, menopausal age and body mass index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Long-Term Users of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Perrone¹,

Liu²,

Capri³

et al. 1999

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Asking people to hold their breath while the images are captured using a fast acquisition method can minimize those artifacts. 7 Computer software, created for analyzing cross-sectional images, facilitates the determination of the areas or volumes of tissues in an anatomic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Intra‐abdominal Fat in Postmenopausal Women

Hoover

Bootec

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Longitudinal changes in intra‐abdominal (IA) fat and total body fat were assessed in three healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during a seven‐year follow‐up study. Measurements were made using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, anthropometry, and magnetic resonance images. Changes in intra‐abdominal fat were examined in relation to different patterns of weight modification. The weight‐stable woman had the lowest percent body fat and IA fat at all examinations, with a slight decrease in IA fat at follow‐up. The person with a gradual gain in weight of 1.9 kg experienced small increases in body fat and IA fat. The weight‐cycling woman had the highest weight, percent body fat, and IA fat area at all examinations. The amounts of IA fat and percent body fat fluctuated with body weight fluctuations. Together with other findings, our results suggest that lean, weight‐stable individuals receiving HRT can maintain a low level of IA fat, whereas those experiencing weight gains or regaining lost weight have increases in IA fat.

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Hypothesis Concerning the U-shaped Relation between Body Mass Index and Mortality

Allison¹,

Faith²,

Heo³

et al. 1997

American Journal of Epidemiology

198

135

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Numerous studies have documented a U- or J-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and mortality, such that increased mortality rate is associated with relatively low and high BMI values. It has been argued elsewhere that the elevated mortality rate observed at lower BMI values actually results from the effects of unmeasured confounding variables, in particular smoking status and preexisting disease. In this paper, the authors present an additional explanation for the phenomenon, i.e., nonspecific measurement. They propose that differential health consequences of fat mass and fat-free mass can be masked by the use of BMI when studied in relation to mortality. To illustrate this point, they use body composition data from 1,137 healthy adults and specify a hypothetical underlying BMI-mortality model in which the logit of death increased linearly with fat mass and decreased linearly with fat-free mass, and % fat increased monotonically with BMI. The results indicate that, even under these specifications, the authors can recover a U-shaped association between BMI and mortality. Consistent with previous suggestions in the literature, future epidemiologic studies that examine the association between adiposity and mortality should prioritize the use of body composition measures.

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Abdominal Fat Assessment in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Replacement Therapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of the Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Long-Term Users of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Evaluation of the Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Long-Term Users of Hormone Replacement Therapy

Longitudinal Assessment of Intra‐abdominal Fat in Postmenopausal Women

Hypothesis Concerning the U-shaped Relation between Body Mass Index and Mortality

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