Longitudinal Assessment of Intra‐abdominal Fat in Postmenopausal Women

Hoover, Loretta W.; Bootec, Evan J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06509.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the effect of physical activity on longevity is still controversial and needs further investigation. Other potential confounders were also unavailable such as menopause status at baseline and body composition that could be very different between men and women and changes with menopause (Poehlman et al, 1995;Hoover and Boote, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality from various causes. Subjects/Methods: Data of 72 947 European men and 62 798 women aged 24-99 years at baseline were collaboratively analyzed. Both absolute and relative mortality risks were estimated within each BMI categories. The hazard ratio was estimated using Cox regression analysis adjusting for age, cohort and smoking status. Results: Over a median follow-up of 16.8 years, 29 071 participants died, 13 502 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 8748 from cancers of all types. All-cause and cancer mortality showed a U-shaped relationship: decreased first, leveled off, and then increased with increasing BMI with the lowest mortality risk approximately between 23.0 and 28.0 kg/m 2 of BMI in men and 21.0 and 28.0 kg/m 2 in women. The U-shaped relationship held for all-cause mortality but disappeared for cancer mortality among non-smokers. The CVD mortality was constant until a BMI of approximately 28.0 kg/m 2 and then increased gradually in both men and women, which was independent of age, cohort and smoking status. Conclusions: A U-shaped relationship of BMI with all-cause mortality but a graded relationship with CVD mortality at BMI 428.0 kg/m 2 was detected. The relationship between cancer mortality and BMI largely depended on smoking status, and need to be further investigated with site-specific cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

et al. 2011

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“…Studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents the shift in body fat distribution to a more central location (5)(6)(7) and diminishes the loss of muscle strength (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Unfortunately, HRT use is accompanied by adverse side effects, such as an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease (16), and for this reason its long-term use is not advocated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Jacobsen

Samson

Emmelot-Vonk

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To compare the effects of raloxifene and placebo on body composition and muscle strength. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 198 healthy women aged 70 years or older conducted between July 2003 and January 2008 at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to receive raloxifene 60 mg or placebo daily for 12 months. Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months, and change from baseline was calculated. Main outcome measures were body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscle strength, and muscle power (maximum voluntary isometric knee extension strength, explosive leg extensor power, and handgrip strength). Results: At 12 months, the body composition of women taking raloxifene was significantly different from that of women taking placebo: fat-free mass (FFM) had increased by a mean of 0.83 (2.4) kg in the raloxifene group versus 0.03 (1.5) kg in the placebo group (PZ0.05), and total body water had increased by a mean of 0.6 (1.8) litres in the raloxifene group versus a decrease of 0.06 (1.1) litres in the placebo group (PZ0.02). Muscle strength and power were not significantly different. Conclusion: Raloxifene significantly changed body composition (increased FFM; increased water content) compared with placebo in postmenopausal women.

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Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women: Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Fat Gain, Time, and Race

et al. 2002

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LARA-CASTRO, CRISTINA, ROLAND L. WEINSIER, GARY R. HUNTER, AND RENÉ E DESMOND. Visceral adipose tissue in women: longitudinal study of the effects of fat gain, time, and race. Obes Res. 2002;10:868 -874. Objective: To determine the effects of fat gain, time, and race on the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a group of normal-weight premenopausal women. Research Methods and Procedures: Sixty-five women participated in the study (32 African American and 33 white). The mean age of subjects was 34 Ϯ 6 years (range, 22 to 47 years). Eligible subjects were women who had body mass indices Ͻ25 kg/m 2 at baseline and who had completed evaluations at baseline and at follow-up year 1, without intervention. A subset of subjects was reevaluated annually for up to 4 years. Body composition was assessed by DXA, and VAT was determined from a single computed tomography scan. A linear mixed model was used to examine changes in VAT over time, with total body fat as a covariate Results: Total fat mass was not significantly different between races at baseline and increased significantly in both groups over time (p Ͻ 0.001). Time-related increases in total body fat were greater in African-American women (p Ͻ 0.01). VAT was significantly higher in white women at baseline (p Ͻ 0.01) and increased significantly over time in both races (p Ͻ 0.01), but remained higher in white women (p Ͻ 0.001). Increases in VAT, relative to total body fat, were greater than the increases in total body fat over time, independent of age and race (p Ͻ 0.001).Discussion: Gaining total body-fat mass results in a higher increase in VAT, relative to total body fat, regardless of race and age, although African-American women maintain a lower VAT levels across time.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Intra‐abdominal Fat in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

Relationship between body mass index and mortality among Europeans

Raloxifene and body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women: Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Fat Gain, Time, and Race

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