Abdominal Adiposity and Clustering of Multiple Metabolic Syndrome in White, Black and Hispanic Americans

Okosun, Ike S.; Liao, Youlian; Rotimi, Charles N.; Prewitt, T. Elaine; Cooper, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00045-4

Cited by 158 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…18,43 Blacks of African origin are prone to hypertension when they gain weight, they also appear to be susceptible to type 2 diabetes. 44,45 Native Americans and Hispanics are especially susceptible to type 2 diabetes, but are less likely to develop hypertension than are blacks. 23,[43][44][45] Our analysis also revealed the ethnic variation in prevalence of the different components used to define the syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44,45 Native Americans and Hispanics are especially susceptible to type 2 diabetes, but are less likely to develop hypertension than are blacks. 23,[43][44][45] Our analysis also revealed the ethnic variation in prevalence of the different components used to define the syndrome. Generally, compared with non-Aboriginal people, Native Indians had a worse metabolic profile with high rates of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia, and Inuit had a better metabolic profile except for a high rate of abdominal obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada

et al. 2005

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Objective: To compare the characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Native Indians, Inuit, and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Methods: The study was based on four cross-sectional studies conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s involving three ethnic groups living in contiguous regions in central Canada: Oji-Cree Indians from several reserves in northern Ontario and Manitoba, Inuit from the Keewatin region of the Northwest Territories, and non-Aboriginal Canadians (predominantly of European heritage) in the province of Manitoba. The MetS was identified among adult subjects according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition. Prevalence rates were standardized to the 1991 Canadian national population. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of the MetS varied by ethnic group, ranging from as high as 45% among Native Indian women to as low as 8% among Inuit men. Compared with Canadians of European origin, Indians had a worse metabolic profile, while Inuit had a better metabolic profile except for a high rate of abdominal obesity. The NCEP criteria in identifying individuals with the MetS were compared to those of the World Health Organization (WHO) in a subset of subjects with the requisite laboratory data. There was moderate agreement between the NCEP and WHO definitions, with a kappa value of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.56-0.70). Conclusions:The results indicate that the MetS is prevalent in diverse ethnic groups in Canada but varies in the pattern of phenotypic expression. Given the diverse nature of these populations, careful consideration should be given to developing culturally appropriate community-based prevention strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of this syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada

et al. 2005

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“…In MetS patients, serum adiponectin levels are decreased, while proinflammatory cytokines are elevated [18]. This imbalance in the inflammatory state leads to dysfunction of the endothelial cells, promoting the loss of their vasodilatory, antithrombotic, and antiatherogenic properties [19,20], apparently a widespread biological response in humans [21]. The relationship between inflammation and MetS is supported by several studies [1,18,22], as is the association between increased visceral fat mass and MetS [23].…”

Section: Abdominal Obesity and Adipokine Imbalancementioning

confidence: 94%

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

López‐Jaramillo¹,

Gómez-Arbeláez²,

López‐López

et al. 2013

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

290

299

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Abstract:The metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance and adiposity as its central features. Identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome is important due to its association with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Attention has focused on the visceral adipose tissue production of cytokines (adipokines) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as the levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin are decreased, while proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, creating a proinflammatory state associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will give special attention to the role of the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We have previously demonstrated that in individuals with severe coronary artery disease, abdominal obesity was uniquely related to decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin and increased leptin levels. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance was associated with increased waist circumference and a decreased vascular response to acetylcholine and increased vasoconstriction due to angiotensin II. Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Leptin upregulates proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6; these are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the expression and release of a number of proinflammatory immune mediators. Therefore, it appears that interactions between angiotensin II and leptin/adiponectin imbalance may be important mediators of the elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with abdominal obesity.

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“…Studies have widely shown that the increase in morbidity and mortality due to chronic-degenerative diseases is associated to excess weight, especially to the deposit of abdominal fat 2,3 , favoring the occurrence of cardiovascular events, particularly coronary events 4 . There are many indirect methods that make it possible to accurately estimate the total quantity of body fat, as well as its distribution, such as electrical bioimpedance, computerized tomography, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance, and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associação entre marcadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal e hipertensão arterial na população adulta de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Barbosa

Scala

Ferreira

2009

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre marcadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal (índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura) e hipertensão arterial. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, realizado no período de 2003 a 2004, com 1.298 indivíduos de 20 a 59 anos. Foram considerados hipertensos os indivíduos com pressão arterial > 140/90 mmHg ou em uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. As associações entre os indicadores antropométricos e a hipertensão arterial foram analisadas por regressão de Poisson, ajustada por potenciais fatores de confusão (sexo, idade, escolaridade, tabagismo, consumo de bebida alcoólica e atividade física no lazer). A curva ROC foi utilizada para determinar o melhor ponto de corte do IMC para detecção da hipertensão arterial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 28,3%, sendo 33,5% no sexo masculino e 23,5% no feminino. Após ajuste para o IMC e potenciais fatores de confusão, a circunferência da cintura perdeu associação com o desfecho avaliado, permanecendo apenas o IMC com poder de explicação para a hipertensão arterial (RP = 1,05, p = 0,001). O melhor ponto de corte para o IMC no sexo masculino foi de 25,6 Kg/m², e no sexo feminino 25,7 Kg/m². CONCLUSÕES: A associação observada entre a circunferência da cintura e a hipertensão arterial em muitos estudos pode estar relacionada à ausência de controle de potenciais fatores de confusão nas análises, bem como à não remoção do efeito da adiposidade total. Novas investigações devem ser conduzidas na população brasileira, a fim de se verificar as verdadeiras associações entre indicadores antropométricos e vários desfechos, estudando-se também os melhores pontos de corte desses indicadores.

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Abdominal Adiposity and Clustering of Multiple Metabolic Syndrome in White, Black and Hispanic Americans

Cited by 158 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada

Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada

The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Associação entre marcadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal e hipertensão arterial na população adulta de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

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