A β-Amyloid(1-42) Biosensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Poly-Pyrrole for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia, characterized by production and deposition of β-amyloid peptide in the brain. Thus, β-amyloid peptide is a potentially promising biomarker used to diagnose and monitor the progression of AD.Objective: The study aims to develop a biosensor based on a molecularly imprinted poly-pyrrole for detection of β-amyloid. Material and Methods:In this experimental study, an imprinted poly-pyrrole was employed as an artificial receptor synthesized by electro-polymerization of pyrrole on screen-printed carbon electrodes in the presence of β-amyloid. β-amyloid acts as a molecular template within the polymer. The biosensor was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry using ferro/ferricyanide marker. The parameters influencing the biosensor performance, including electro-polymerization cycle umbers and β-amyloid binding time were optimized to achieve the best biosensor sensitivity. Results:The β-amyloid binding affinity with the biosensor surface was evaluated by the Freundlich isotherm, and Freundlich constant and exponent were obtained as 0.22 ng mL -1 and 10.60, respectively. The biosensor demonstrated a detection limit of 1.2 pg mL -1 . The biosensor was applied for β-amyloid determination in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion:The biosensor is applicable for early Alzheimer's disease detection.

Molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition of biomarkers of certain neurodegenerative diseases

“…F.T.C Moreira et al [73] used polyaniline modified with copper oxide resulting in low LOD. R. Dehdari Vais et al [70] study also showed satisfactory results by entrapping molecules just in polypyrrole. It can be concluded that polypyrrole is a suitable and commonly used polymer for the detection of AD markers in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and even breath.…”

“…R. Dehdari Vais et al [70] approached the MIP-based biosensor for Aβ42 detection. Pyrrole monomer was electropolymerized on a screen-printed carbon electrode in the presence of an Aβ42 template.…”

Electrochemical Immunosensors Developed for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins, Leading Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Even in areas with limited resources, this accessibility enables the extensive screening and monitoring of Aβ levels. Research on AD is also advanced by the ability to detect Aβ using electrochemical biosensors [52][53][54]58]. The development of the disease can be understood by tracking Aβ levels over time, and prospective treatment targets can be found.…”

“…So far, several new analytical methods have been proposed to detect AD blood biomarkers, including radioimmunoassay [44], ion mobility-mass spectrometry [45], surface plasmon resonance spectrometry [46], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [47], mass spectrometry [48], colorimetric [49], chemiluminescence [50], fluorescence [51], and electrochemical [52][53][54]. All these techniques have advantages and disadvantages; however, many limitations remain to this day.…”

“…All these techniques have advantages and disadvantages; however, many limitations remain to this day. Among these methods, electrochemical techniques have demonstrated rapid response, high sensitivity, easy miniaturization, low cost, and great potential for clinical application [52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Electrochemical immunoassay is a highly sensitive, specific, cost-effective, and rapid technique that can be performed using portable platforms.…”