A world of water: Rain, rivers and seas in Southeast Asian histories

Boomgaard, Peter

doi:10.26530/oapen_376971

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Namun demikian, bagi hampir semua bangsa di kawasan Asia Tenggara ini, sungai dan sawah juga menjadi benih sengketa saat kedua sumber penyedia dan keberlanjutan hayat hidup manusia itu diganggu (Boomgaard, 2007;Chiba, 2010). Atas nama pembangunan, sumber alam menjadi tercemar di sepanjang Sungai Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur (Nooteboom & De Jong, 2010).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

SUNGAI, SAWAH, DAN SENGKETA: TINJAUAN EKOFEMINISME KARYA SASTRA BERLATAR ASIA TENGGARA (River, Rice Field, and Conflict: An Ecofeminist Reading of Fictions Set in Southeast Asia)

Dewi

2019

Kandai

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Penelitian ini bertujuan menelisik persamaan dan perbedaan representasi sungai, sawah, dan sengketa dalam novel dan cerpen dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Kamboja, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Meskipun sungai dan sawah menjadi simbol kekuatan sebagai pemberi kehidupan, tetapi keduanya juga merupakan situ perlawanan sebagian besar masyarakat Asia Tenggara, terutama pada masa-masa sulit ketika perempuan sering menjadi korban. Masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana sungai dan sawah serta keterlibatan perempuan ditampilkan pada enam karya yang berlatar di negara-negara dalam kawasan tersebut. Metode analisis konten digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan perspektif teori ekofeminisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya relasi erat antara perempuan dan alam yang direpresentasikan dengan keterlibatan dan kepedulian tokoh perempuan dalam merawat sungai dan sawah. Sebaliknya, tokoh laki-laki digambarkan seolah-olah tidak hirau pada keberadaan alam. Hal ini sekaligus menjadi representasi resistensi terhadap budaya patriarkat yang melakukan dominasi atas perempuan dan alam.(This study aims to explore the similarities and differences in the representation of rivers, rice fields, and disputes in novels and short stories from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Although rivers and rice fields are symbols of strength as life-giving forces, they are also the sites of resistance for most Southeast Asian people, especially in difficult times when women are often victims. The research problem is how rivers, rice fields, and the involvement of women are depicted in six literary works set in the region. Content analysis method is applied in this study using ecofeminist theory as the standpoint. The analysis result shows that a close relationship between women and nature which is represented by the involvement and care of women characters in caring for rivers and rice fields. Conversely, male figures are depicted as if they are not bothered by the existence of nature. This is considered as representation of resistance to patriarchal culture that has dominated women and nature.)

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

SUNGAI, SAWAH, DAN SENGKETA: TINJAUAN EKOFEMINISME KARYA SASTRA BERLATAR ASIA TENGGARA (River, Rice Field, and Conflict: An Ecofeminist Reading of Fictions Set in Southeast Asia)

Dewi

2019

Kandai

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“…However, for nearly all nations in Southeast Asia, rivers are also the seed of disputes when they are disturbed (Boomgard, 2007;Chiba, 2010). For example, in the name of development, natural resources along the Mahakam River and East Kalimantan become severely polluted (Nooteboom & de Jong, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River, Resistance and Women’s Resilience in Indonesian, Malaysian and Vietnamese Fictions

Dewi

2020

LiNGUA J.

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This study looks at how rivers, resistance and women’s struggle intertwine with each other in 3 fictions set in, respectively, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Not only has a river become life-giving forces, but it is also a locus of diverse social conflicts where women are often the most victimized yet survived. Making use of ecofeminism and related theoretical concepts such as Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato si’ on the environment and human ecology, this study examines the female characters and their ordeals in the three fictions discussed. This study reveals that first, ecological economy depends on water sustainability where women try very hard to protect nature against degradation. Secondly, abuse of women is seen in parallel with abuse of nature. In the end, this study concludes that the women’ resistance against patriarchy confirms the theoretical relevance of ecofeminism for the reading of Southeast Asian fictions.

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“…In a multitude of different contexts and different manifestations, water has been fundamental in shaping the history of Southeast Asia, and its characterization as a “world of water” seems eminently apt (Boomgaard 2007). Given this importance, one would expect to see the region figure prominently in cross-cultural studies of water-related rituals, beliefs, and archetypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rivers, Oceans, and Spirits: Water Cosmologies, Gender, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia

Andaya¹

2016

TRaNS

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Water in many different forms and contexts is of central significance in Southeast Asia, and these differences are reflected in the vast range of spirits and deities. Despite wide variation, the most obvious distinction is between spirits associated with fresh and salt water. Those linked to water associated with fertility are typically regarded as female and sympathetic to human requests for assistance. By contrast, the spirits who inhabit turbulent river waters and patrol the shorelines may be male, female, or only vaguely gendered. Although they can be capricious and sometimes cruel, they are nonetheless amenable to individual or communal supplication. The same ambiguity is exemplified by the sea spirits, who extend rewards to those they favour but inflict harsh punishments when their anger is aroused. Yet regardless of their nature or the place with which they were associated, the 'power base' of indigenous spirits was always locally concentrated. The limitations in their reach help explain the appeal of cosmologies that extended across a much larger area, and even across the entire globe. The accompanying conceptualization of new and benevolent beings is especially evident in the maritime environment. Here human activity is male-dominated, and the male divinities and saints associated with supra-local belief systems might appear to be the natural guardians of mariners. Even so, culturally entrenched ideas of connections between water and maternal care facilitated the adoption of female deities as protectors of ocean-going voyagers.

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A world of water: Rain, rivers and seas in Southeast Asian histories

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

SUNGAI, SAWAH, DAN SENGKETA: TINJAUAN EKOFEMINISME KARYA SASTRA BERLATAR ASIA TENGGARA (River, Rice Field, and Conflict: An Ecofeminist Reading of Fictions Set in Southeast Asia)

SUNGAI, SAWAH, DAN SENGKETA: TINJAUAN EKOFEMINISME KARYA SASTRA BERLATAR ASIA TENGGARA (River, Rice Field, and Conflict: An Ecofeminist Reading of Fictions Set in Southeast Asia)

River, Resistance and Women’s Resilience in Indonesian, Malaysian and Vietnamese Fictions

Rivers, Oceans, and Spirits: Water Cosmologies, Gender, and Religious Change in Southeast Asia

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