A workload-aware flash translation layer enhancing performance and lifespan of TLC/SLC dual-mode flash memory in embedded systems

Liu, Duo; Yao, Lei; Long, Linbo; Shao, Zili; Guan, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2016.12.009

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most works classify the data or write operations as hot or cold depending on length of write requests or random/sequential nature 8,10,15,18,24,34,35,38,41,45,47,51 or access frequency 8,45 to store them to different memory cells. Most works classify the data or write operations as hot or cold depending on length of write requests or random/sequential nature 8,10,15,18,24,34,35,38,41,45,47,51 or access frequency 8,45 to store them to different memory cells.…”

Section: Key Ideas Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,51 8. 10 10. 35 Also, some works merge the data in DRAM buffer before flushing it to Flash memory.…”

Section: Key Ideas Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 6 classifies the works based on optimization metric and it is clear that the techniques proposed are guided by multiple optimization goals, which need to be carefully balanced. 35,36 Block level 18,32 Page and block levels 10,38,[41][42][43][44] Hybrid level 7,8,25,33,34…”

Section: Classification and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Most works classify the data or write operations as hot or cold depending on length of write requests or random/sequential nature 8,10,15,18,24,34,35,38,41,45,47,51 or access frequency 8,45 to store them to different memory cells. Also, pages belonging to metadata can be directly marked as hot.…”

Section: Key Ideas Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some works use different mapping schemes in SLC and MLC 8,18 or for hot and cold data. 10 10. Some techniques schedule different operations on different channels 32,34,51 to boost performance.…”

Section: Key Ideas Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of techniques for architecting SLC/MLC/TLC hybrid Flash memory–based SSDs

Alsalibi

Mittal

Al-Betar

et al. 2018

Concurrency and Computation

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Flash memory-based solid-state drives (SSDs) offer several attractive features and benefits compared to hard disk drive (HDD), such as shock resistance and better performance especially for random data access. Depending on the number of bits in each cell, Flash memory can be designed as single/multi/triple level cell (SLC/MLC/TLC), which have different performance, density, cost and write endurance characteristics. To bring the best of these together, several researchers have proposed designing SSD using hybrid SLC/MLC/TLC Flash memory. However, these SSDs also present several challenges such as buffer management, placement of hot/cold data in suitable portion, and intelligent garbage collection. Several recent techniques aim to address these challenges.In this paper, we present a survey of techniques for managing SSDs designed with SLC/MLC/TLC Flash memory. We classify the works on several axes to bring out their similarities and differences.We aim to synthesize the state-of-art progress in hybrid SSD management and also spark further research in this area. KEYWORDSflash translation layer, garbage collection, hybrid solid state disk, NAND flash memory, wear leveling INTRODUCTIONAs the amount of digital data continues to grow at an exponential rate and key applications become more data intensive, efficient storage architectures and management techniques have become more important than ever before. Conventionally, hard disk drive* has been used as a storage device; however, its limitations such as poor performance (especially for random accesses), higher form factor, and vulnerability to shocks and magnetic fields have encouraged researchers to explore its alternatives.Flash memory is a promising technology for designing storage devices due to its several attractive properties, eg, high performance and density, low power consumption, noise-free operation, and immunity to shocks and magnetic fields. 2-6 Also, its cost has been decreasing in recent years and it is expected to provide even better cost efficiency than HDD in near future. Based on the number of bits stored in each cell, Flash can be characterized as SLC (1 bit), MLC † (2 bit) and TLC (3 bits). As shown in Table 1, these cell types provide a spectrum of properties and trade-offs. Specifically, on going from SLC to MLC to TLC, the performance and write endurance decrease whereas density and cost efficiency improve.To achieve the best of these three cell types, hybrid SSD designs have been proposed, which use Flash memories of multiple cell types to improve performance, energy efficiency, and reliability. 16 However, these hybrid SSD designs also bring challenges, such as selection of relative proportion of SLC/MLC/TLC, efficient mapping/moving of hot/cold data to them, accounting for their disparate write endurance and density values, and

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