The past years as a Ph.D. student have been a special journey for me with many fond memories. Without the kind assistance of many people, it would have been very difficult for me to achieve this work. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Prof. Joseph Chang. Prof. Chang guided me throughout my entire Ph.D. program with his outstanding academic wisdom and valuable suggestions. His support throughout these years helped me to move forward. It was one of my most enjoyable experiences learning from his profound knowledge and expertise. I would like to thank my co-advisor, Dr. Yu Rongshan. He offered valuable guidance as well as kind support throughout this Ph.D. program. I am especially grateful to Dr. Ge Tong for discussions pertaining to the technical aspects in this research program.