A volcanic ash transport model and analysis of Mount St. Helens ashfall

Hopkins, Arthur T.; Bridgman, Charles J.

doi:10.1029/jd090id06p10620

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The resultant airfall deposit had a second thickness maximum located 350 km from the volcano. Carey & Sigurdsson (1982), supported by Hopkins & Bridgman (1985), concluded the Mount St Helens thickening resulted from the aerial aggregation of fine ash particles (<63 |im) followed by the premature fallout of the aggregates. The resultant terrestrial deposit tended to be fine grained, polymodal, and poorly sorted.…”

Section: Onshore Versus Offshore Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 83%

Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Carter¹,

Nelson

Neil

et al. 1995

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Section: Onshore Versus Offshore Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 83%

Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Carter¹,

Nelson

Neil

et al. 1995

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…It is assumed that the terms related to transport by diffusion processes are negligible, that the plume is maintained and long-lived (steady), and that motion of the carrying medium (eruption column, umbrella cloud or downwind plume) can be characterized by a single coordinate at University of Iowa on June 28, 2015 http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ Downloaded from direction s-for which the axis is everywhere tangent to the plume centreline (e.g. Wright 1977;Hopkins & Bridgman 1985) -and speed U in that direction. Under these assumptions, equation (7) …”

Section: Pyroclast Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric motions can then be simulated by using the summation or superposition of waves of progressively higher wavenumber (shorter wavelength) (e.g. Saucier 1983;Hopkins & Bridgman 1985;Pedlosky 1987) with kinetic energies (velocities) dependent on wavenumber, for example (simplifying from Behringer et al 1991; see also Hopkins & Bridgman 1985) z~ = Z urn(sin(k,,x + ~,,,t ) DI + sin(krny + ~rnt))…”

Section: Distal Transport Of Volcanic Eruption Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tephra dispersal

Bursik

1998

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Our understanding of the spread of volcanic ejecta from eruption columns has evolved significantly since the first quantitative studies. Given recent advances, it is possible to describe much of the physics of tephra dispersal, and to construct a relatively robust model for the spread of tephra in the proximal region of a volcanic eruption plume. Results from such modelling compare well with data on tephra fall deposits. More distal dispersal, driven as it is by atmospheric motions, has also been treated extensively, by atmospheric scientists as well as by volcanologists. Results from these studies have been compared with satellite data and have been found to be accurate in terms of predicting ash cloud trajectories. Comparisons of the various models with data point out several areas where research could be productively directed in future. The transition from tephra transport by the plume to that by the atmosphere is poorly understood: processes related to transport between plume and ground are poorly known: the layering of the stratosphere needs to be considered more thoroughly to understand transport processes over periods of days to months; and the total grain size distributions of fall deposits and eruption plumes have probably been incompletely characterized in the past.

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“…The approach is based on the attempt to formulate equations (balance of mass, of momentum, of energy, laws of state) that simulate eruption behavior [3][4][5][6][7]. The system of equations is then solved via numerical methods.…”

Section: Simulation Models and Hazard Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and image processing for visualization of volcanic mapping

Pareschi¹,

Bernstein²

1989

IBM J. Res. & Dev.

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In countries such as Italy, Japan, and Mexico, where active volcanoes are located in highly populated areas, the problem of risk reduction is very important. Actual knowledge about volcanic behavior does not allow deterministic event prediction or the forecasting of eruptions. However, areas exposed to eruptions can be analyzed if eruption characteristics can be inferred or assumed. Models to simulate volcanic eruptions and identify hazardous areas have been developed by collaboration between the IBM Italy Pisa Scientific Center and the Earth Science Department of Pisa University (supported by the Italian National Group of Volcanology of the Italian National Research Council). The input to the models is the set of assumed eruption characteristics: the typology of the phenomenon (ash fall, pyroclastic flow, etc.), vent position, total eruptible mass, wind profile, etc. The output of the models shows volcanic product distribution at ground level. These models are reviewed and their use in hazard estimation (compared with the more ^Copyright 1989 by International Business Machines Corporation. Copying in printed form for private use is permitted without payment of royalty provided that (1) each reproduction is done without alteration and (2) the Journal reference and IBM copyright notice are included on the first page. The title and abstract, but no other portions, of this paper may be copied or distributed royalty free without further permission by computer-based and other information-service systems. Permission to republish any other portion of this paper must be obtained from the Editor, traditional techniques currently in use) is outlined. Effective use of these models, by public administrators and planners in preparing plans for the evacuation of hazardous zones, requires the clear and effective display of model results. Techniques to display and visualize such data have been developed by the authors. In particular, a computer program has been implemented on the IBM 7350 Image Processing System to display model outputs, representing both volume (in two dimensions) and distribution of ejected material, and to superimpose the displays upon satellite images that show 3D oblique views of terrain. This form of presentation, realized for various sets of initial conditions and eruption times, represents a very effective visual tool for volcanic hazard zoning and evacuation planning.

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A volcanic ash transport model and analysis of Mount St. Helens ashfall

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Correlation, dispersal, and preservation of the Kawakawa Tephra and other late Quaternary tephra layers in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Tephra dispersal

Modeling and image processing for visualization of volcanic mapping

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