A visita domiciliar na primeira infância: mapa conceitual

Abstract

The child in period of early childhood is in a constant process of growth and development, being the phase that involves changes and acquisition of skills, but there are vulnerabilities that can interfere with child development, having repercussions throughout life. In this context, strategies that minimize the negative effects on the child's development are relevant, and home visits (HV) have been emphasized as a strategy relevant to the process of caring for children and their families. The present study aims to analyze the scientific evidence on the HV for children aged 0 to 6 years old, from the perspective of health promotion and development in early childhood. It is an integrative literature review, with searches in six databases: LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO. The inclusion criteria were scientific studies in Portuguese and English, published between 2010 and 2019, original quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies, with a central focus on RV in early childhood, with children under six years of age. The exclusion criteria were: bibliographic and systematic review studies, repeated in the referred databases, theses, dissertations, books and book chapters, abstracts published in the annals of events and magazine editorials. For the location of the studies, descriptors related to the elements of the PICo strategy were crossed. For the analysis of the insertion of the studies with evaluation, the instrument adapted from CASP was used, with 46 studies selected to compose the review. In the analysis of the results, the Conceptual Map strategy was used and an integrative synthesis of the results and conclusions of the articles selected for review. The results were organized into four themes: Specificities of home visits in early childhood, Benefits to child development, Benefits in parental care and Effects on basic child health care. The integrative synthesis reaffirms that the HV is an important strategy for professional performance in early childhood, indicating the benefits to the development of the child and parental caregivers, in the perspective of health promotion. The Conceptual Map elaborated suggests a range of important elements that qualifies the HV in early childhood, suggesting it is fundamental in the context of primary health care, with contributions to comprehensive child health care and good parenting practices.