A View of the Evolution of Chemoreceptors Based on Research with Cnidarians

Lenhoff, Howard M.; Heagy, Wyrta; Danner, Jean

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9724-4_59

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…See text for definition GSH and proline are especially potent feeding activators in corals and zoanthids (reviewed by Lenhoff et al, 1976), and these compounds also are the most widespread effective substances among sea anemones (Table 2.3). See text for definition GSH and proline are especially potent feeding activators in corals and zoanthids (reviewed by Lenhoff et al, 1976), and these compounds also are the most widespread effective substances among sea anemones (Table 2.3).…”

Section: Control Of Feeding Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones

Shick¹

1991

249

198

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in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the UK address printed on this page.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataShick, J. Malcolm A functional biology of sea anemones. 1. Sea anemones I. Title II. Series 593.6 ISBN 978-94-010-5365-5 ISBN 978-94-011-3080-6 (eBook)

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Section: Control Of Feeding Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones

Shick¹

1991

249

198

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“…In cnidarians, high exogenous concentrations of FAAs evoke specific feeding responses and other changes in behavior, and they function in both neurotransmission and osmoregulation (20)(21)(22). The identification of FAAs as factors that also elicit photosynthate release and enhanced carbon fixation in symbiotic dinoflagellates in vitro opens the way for detailed investigations into their role and relevance as HF in hospite (in the host).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free amino acids exhibit anthozoan "host factor" activity: they induce the release of photosynthate from symbiotic dinoflagellates in vitro.

Gates

Høegh-Guldberg

McFall‐Ngai

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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Reef-building corals and other tropical anthozoans harbor endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. It is now recognized that the dinoflagellates are fundamental to the biology of their hosts, and their carbon and nitrogen metabolisms are linked in important ways. Unlike free living species, growth of symbiotic dinoflagellates is unbalanced and a substantial fraction of the carbon fixed daily by symbiont photosynthesis is released and used by the host for respiration and growth. Release of frxed carbon as low molecular weight compounds by freshly isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates is evoked by a factor (i.e., a chemical agent) present in a homogenate of host tissue. We have identified this "host factore in the Hawaiian coral Pocillopora damicornis as a set of free amino acids. Synthetic amino acid mixtures, based on the measured free amino acid pools of P. damicornis tissues, not only elicit the selective release of 14C-labeled photosynthetic products from isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates but also enhance total "4CO2 fixation.Dinoflagellates freshly isolated from the Hawaiian coral Pocillopora damicornis and the Pacific giant clam Tridacna crocea and incubated in sea water with a crude homogenate of their own host tissue fix 14C02 in the light and release a substantial fraction of the fixed carbon to the incubation medium, principally as [14C]glycerol, [14C]alanine, and [14C]glucose. In contrast, release of labeled organic carbon compounds by freshly isolated dinoflagellates incubated in sea water alone is always significantly less. Moreover, as a crude homogenate of animal tissue from the one host species also induces dinoflagellates from another host species to selectively release fixed carbon, the inducing factor would appear to be nonspecific (1).Release of fixed carbon by symbiotic dinoflagellates has been demonstrated in several cnidarian symbioses. Although a host factor (HF) has never been identified, its properties, depending on the host, have been described as heat labile (1-3) or heat stable (1, 4), enhancing carbon fixation (2) or not enhancing carbon fixation (3), absent from aposymbiotic hosts but inducible by reinfection with dinoflagellates, constitutive in aposymbiotic hosts (5), evoking release of fixed carbon from cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates and free-living nonsymbiotic dinoflagellates, not evoking the release of fixed carbon from cultured symbiotic dinoflagellates and free-living nonsymbiotic dinoflagellates (5, 6), and behaving like a substance with a molecular mass of <10 kDa (3) or -1 kDa (5). Here we identify HF in the Hawaiian reef coral P. damicornis as a set of free amino acids (FAAs) that not only evoke the selective release of photosynthate from symbiotic dinoflagellates in vitro but also enhance dinoflagellate carbon fixation. P. damicornis and the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella were collected from Checker Reef adjacent to the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology, Oahu, Hawaii, and the animals were transported by air to the University of California, Los Angeles. The c...

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“…Detecting and locating food by chemoreception is common in most major phyla (e.g., Rittschof et al 1983;Jones 1986;Zimmer-Faust 1989;Nevitt et al 1995), and several species of benthic cnidarians (anemones and hydra) have long been know to utilize a variety of chemical signals (see review by Lenhoff et al 1976). The results of this study, however, comprise the first definitive demonstration that any species of planktonic cnidarian alters its behavior in response to chemical cues, either substrate-bound or waterborne.…”

Section: Results: Consumption Of Live Prey-several Individuals Of Allmentioning

confidence: 80%

Chemically regulated feeding by a midwater medusa

Tamburri

Halt

Robison

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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Planktonic cnidarians are principal predators in the vast habitats between the ocean's surface and the deep‐sea floor. Almost nothing is known, however, about the chemical ecology of these fragile midwater animals because of difficulties associated with collecting healthy specimens and con‐ducting experiments in the field. With the use of a remotely operated vehicle, we found that the hydromedusa Mitrocoma cellularia is not a passive “drift‐net” predator. This relatively simple gelatinous organism reacted to both the taste and smell of prey in the laboratory and in situ. Our results comprise the first definitive demonstration that a species of pelagic cnidarian responds behaviorally to chemical signals, and they lend new insight into the role of chemoreception in structuring mid‐water communities.

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A View of the Evolution of Chemoreceptors Based on Research with Cnidarians

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones

A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones

Free amino acids exhibit anthozoan "host factor" activity: they induce the release of photosynthate from symbiotic dinoflagellates in vitro.

Chemically regulated feeding by a midwater medusa

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