A view into additive manufactured electro-active reinforced smart composite structures

Garces, I.T.; Ayranci, Cagri

doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2018.02.008

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Examples of 3D-printed applications of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) by EBAM. ( a ) A photograph of an iN–House 3D-printed generic stent and ( b ) 3D-printed kayak prototype based on reference [7]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the most promising applications of EBAM-based SMPU are biomedical applications such as customized airflow and 3D-printed cardiovascular stents (Figure 1a), casts and splints [1,2,3]. Other critical and promising applications include grippers, actuators for soft robotics [4], origami-based self-assembly structures for smart manufacturing [5,6] and potential printing of smart self-deployable sports equipment such as a shape memory polymer (SMP) 3D-printed kayak [7]. The prototype of a small-scale kayak that may be folded to a temporary shape for storage/transportation and later deployed onsite is seen in Figure 1b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2019

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Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (EBAM) or 3D printing is used to produce customized prototyped parts. The majority of the polymers used with EBAM show moisture sensitivity. However, moisture effects become more pronounced in polymers used for critical applications, such as biomedical stents, sensors, and actuators. The effects of moisture on the manufacturing process and the long-term performance of Shape Memory Polyurethane (SMPU) have not been fully investigated in the literature. This study focuses primarily on block-copolymer SMPUs that have two different hard/soft (h/s) segment ratios. It investigates the effect of moisture on the various properties via studying: (i) the effect of moisture trapping within these polymers and the consequences when manufacturing; (ii) and the effect on end product performance of plasticization by moisture. Results indicate that higher h/s SMPU shows higher microphase separation, which leads to an increase of moisture trapping within the polymer. Understanding moisture trapping is critical for EBAM parts due to an increase in void content and a decrease in printing quality. The results also indicate a stronger plasticizing effect on polymers with lower h/s ratio but with a more forgiving printing behavior compared to the higher h/s ratio.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2019

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“…A series of mechanical and sensing testing were performed on the composite, however, a more in-depth analysis or results on the recovery behaviour of the composite is needed in the future (Garcia Rosales et al, 2018). Contemporary to this, Garces and Ayranci (2018) proposed that PLA/Graphene could be used for activation of SMP by using 3 D printed PLA/Graphene oxide for resistive heating, the authors showed the temperature and SME characterization of the composite.…”

Section: Materials Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this work, Kacergis et al investigated the printing parameters for 4 D printing based on bilayer PLA/TPU composites but suggested that surrounding heat activation might not be the best choice to achieve field applications of 4 D printing (Kačergis et al, 2019). Garces and Ayranci (2018), Garces and Ayranci (2020) proposed the 3 D printing of SMPU with a Graphene oxide/PLA bilayer composite. Although the authors did not look at the direct 4 D print phenomena, they proposed the electroactive actuation of their bilayer composite.…”

Section: Multi-materials Shape Memory Polymer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

Garces

Ayranci

2021

RPJ

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Purpose A review on additive manufacturing (AM) of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) is put forward to highlight the progress made up to date, conduct a critical review and show the limitations and possible improvements in the different research areas within the different AM techniques. The purpose of this study is to identify academic and industrial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces the reader to three-dimensional (3 D) and four-dimensional printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Specifically, this review centres on manufacturing technologies based on material extrusion, photopolymerization, powder-based and lamination manufacturing processes. AM of SMPC was classified according to the nature of the filler material: particle dispersed, i.e. carbon, metallic and ceramic and long fibre reinforced materials, i.e. carbon fibres. This paper makes a distinction for multi-material printing with SMPs, as multi-functionality and exciting applications can be proposed through this method. Manufacturing strategies and technologies for SMPC are addressed in this review and opportunities in the research are highlighted. Findings This paper denotes the existing limitations in the current AM technologies and proposes several directions that will contribute to better use and improvements in the production of additive manufactured SMPC. With advances in AM technologies, gradient changes in material properties can open diverse applications of SMPC. Because of multi-material printing, co-manufacturing sensors to 3D printed smart structures can bring this technology a step closer to obtain full control of the shape memory effect and its characteristics. This paper discusses the novel developments in device and functional part design using SMPC, which should be aided with simple first stage design models followed by complex simulations for iterative and optimized design. A change in paradigm for designing complex structures is still to be made from engineers to exploit the full potential of additive manufactured SMPC structures. Originality/value Advances in AM have opened the gateway to the potential design and fabrication of functional parts with SMPs and their composites. There have been many publications and reviews conducted in this area; yet, many mainly focus on SMPs and reserve a small section to SMPC. This paper presents a comprehensive review directed solely on the AM of SMPC while highlighting the research opportunities.

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“…El empleo de la impresión 4D está llegando también a los materiales compuestos, particularmente en la manufactura de estructuras con memoria de forma. En este tipo de manufactura se producen estructuras poliméricas que se desdoblan por medios como corrientes eléctricas [99]. Estos materiales y procesos seguramente empujarán la necesidad de construcción de modelos de predicción de daño aún más complejos.…”

Section: Perspectivas Futurasunclassified

Daño en partes de manufactura aditiva reforzadas por fibras continuas

León

Díaz

González‐Estrada

2020

revuin

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La fabricación aditiva (AM),y más específicamente la impresión 3D,ha comenzado una revolución de la industria de la manufactura al proporcionar capacidades de producción para piezas que eran imposibles de fabricarhace algunos años. Una tecnología bastante reciente,desarrollada porMarkforged,ha elevado estas capacidades a un nuevo nivel al permitir la impresión de compuestos de matriz polimérica con refuerzo continuo de fibra. Sin embargo, por ser este un método nuevode fabricación, no existe un modelo consolidado para predecir las características mecánicas ni los modos de falla que presentan al estar sometidas a cargas. El presente trabajo recoge los estudios sobreel daño y falla progresiva en materiales compuestos de fibras largas producidos por manufactura aditiva

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A view into additive manufactured electro-active reinforced smart composite structures

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Effect of Moisture on Shape Memory Polyurethane Polymers for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

Daño en partes de manufactura aditiva reforzadas por fibras continuas

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