A very stable W/O/W multiple emulsion

Abstract

The comparison of the results of microscopic, conductimetric and rheologic analyses carried out on the same triple W/O/W emulsion, immediately following its manufacture and 10 years later, indicates the remarkable stability of such system. This stability illustrates the great potential of this formula in the protection of unstable ingredients, with regard to external stress, when encapsulated with a high yield.

Double emulsions stabilized by a charged complex of modified pectin and whey protein isolate

“…The polymeric amphiphiles form a thick and flexible film that in most cases is strongly anchored onto the oil-water interface [2,10]. Stability of double emulsions in the presence of polymeric amphiphiles was extensively studied for several years [12,13]. However, synthetic amphiphilic polymers are not allowed in foods and, therefore, they must be replaced by naturally occurring biopolymers such as proteins and hydrocolloids.…”

Bioherbicides

“…It contains at least one lipophilic surfactant, at least one hydrophilic surfactant, oil and water. Although used in the pharmaceutical [145], cosmetic [146] and food industries [147], WOW emulsions do not appear to have been widely used in agricultural or horticultural technology. Although numerous improvements of liquid formulations of bioherbicides have been made, genetic manipulation of fungi offers a broad extent of opportunities to adjust formulations and to ameliorate bioherbicide characteristics [148].…”

Development of a w/o/w-Emulsion Containing N-Acetylcysteine for Cosmetic Use

“…Organoleptic and microscopic investigations, particle size analysis, centrifuge tests, rheological analysis were carried out and stability tests were performed at various temperatures on all formulations as usually done to assess stability of multiple emulsions [14]. As can be seen from Table 3, results of microscopic analysis after storing at 4°C, 25°C and 40°C, formulations F1*, F2* and F4* showed no signs of phase separation after 3 months.…”

“…Multiple w/o/w emulsions are vesicular systems in which very small water droplets are entrapped within oil drops [11] themselves dispersed in an aqueous phase [12]. They have many potential applications in various fields such as pharmaceutics and cosmetics, as they might protect encapsulated substances and enable incompatible substances to be incorporated in the same formulation; moreover, prolonged action after administration can be expected [13].…”