A versatile ultrafine and super-absorptive H⁺-modified montmorillonite: application for metabolic syndrome intervention and gastric mucosal protection

Abstract

An H+-modified montmorillonite (H-MMT) was prepared using an acid modification method to obtain powerful absorption ability as a theranostic platform for both metabolic syndrome and gastric mucosa protection.

Contrasting Anti-obesity Effects of Smectite Clays and Mesoporous Silica in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…These include, but are not limited to, promoting satiety, controlling all macronutrient absorption (including carbohydrates and proteins), lowering glycemic indices, reducing inflammation, and promoting a healthy gut microbiome. − Monitoring strictly weight gain and HFD intake presents an oversimplification of obesity, and subsequently, more metabolic parameters and phenotypes associated with obesity should be investigated in the future to demonstrate additional impacts of porous colloid supplementation. Previous studies have considered parameters such as adiposity indices, blood lipid, and cholesterol levels, leptin levels, liver inflammation, glucose and insulin tolerance, and gastric mucosal damage. ,, Extended in vivo pharmacodynamic studies are required to draw strong correlations between in vitro and in vivo findings. Since a short-term anti-obesity study was performed herein, difficulties arose with regards to differentiating the impact of supplementation on weight gain for the various treatment groups.…”

“…Monitoring strictly weight gain and HFD intake presents an oversimplification of obesity, and subsequently, more metabolic parameters and phenotypes associated with obesity should be investigated in the future to demonstrate additional impacts of porous colloid supplementation. Previous studies have considered parameters such as adiposity indices, blood lipid, and cholesterol levels, leptin levels, liver inflammation, glucose and insulin tolerance, and gastric mucosal damage. ,, …”

“…In recent years, increasing attention has been afforded to food-grade biomaterials that exert anti-obesity effects through the impediment of fat digestion and absorption pathways . Of such materials, high surface area colloids, such as smectite clays and mesoporous silica, have demonstrated excellent promise in provoking weight reductions when supplemented to rodents exposed to high-fat diets (HFDs). − Since the physiological mechanism of lipid (fat) digestion is modulated by the ability for digestive enzymes, specifically gastric and pancreatic lipases, to access and adsorb at the lipid droplet interface, , colloids can restrict digestion by competitively interfering and “spoiling” the lipid surface. , In doing so, the degree of lipid species available for digestion and absorption across the intestinal epithelium is reduced, leading to an overall reduction in energy intake. Furthermore, porous colloids have high specific surface areas and, therefore, high adsorptive capacities, which can lead to the adsorption of dietary fats within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thus promoting lipid excretion .…”

Natural and Synthetic Agents Targeting Reactive Carbonyl Species against Metabolic Syndrome

“…The mechanism in question here is unclear. However, another study published by Aviram et al, does demonstrate that atorvastatin, another member of the statin family possesses antioxidant potential and protect fats from oxidation induced by free copper ions [ 108 ]. Detailed studies are required to elucidate whether the same mechanism is shared by simvastatin.…”

Recent Advances of Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles in Treating Cardiovascular Disorders

“…For example, black phosphorous 2D nanosheets can be used in photothermal therapy due to its efficient photothermal conversion property [ 71 ]. Layered double hydroxide can not only perform as lipid regulator to treat CVDs [ 74 ], but can also serve as an immune adjuvant and antigen carrier bi-functional nanoplatform in cancer immunotherapy [ 75 ]. To achieve various biological functions, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, drug carrying or reactive oxygen species scavenging, appropriate inner nanoparticle selection is essential to fulfill the therapeutic potential of cell membrane coated nanoparticles.…”