Recent Advances of Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles in Treating Cardiovascular Disorders

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, causing approximately 17.9 million deaths annually, an estimated 31% of all deaths, according to the WHO. CVDs are essentially rooted in atherosclerosis and are clinically classified into coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disorders. Current clinical interventions include early diagnosis, the insertion of stents, and long-term preventive therapy. However, clinical diagnostic and therapeutic tools are subject to a number of limitations including, but not limited to, potential toxicity induced by contrast agents and unexpected bleeding caused by anti-platelet drugs. Nanomedicine has achieved great advancements in biomedical area. Among them, cell membrane coated nanoparticles, denoted as CMCNPs, have acquired enormous expectations due to their biomimetic properties. Such membrane coating technology not only helps avoid immune clearance, but also endows nanoparticles with diverse cellular and functional mimicry. In this review, we will describe the superiorities of CMCNPs in treating cardiovascular diseases and their potentials in optimizing current clinical managements.

TAM-targeted reeducation for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Mechanism and recent progress

“…In addition to traditional nano-delivery systems, some emerging delivery strategies like bacteria-based platforms and cell-based platforms are still seldom applied for TAM modulation. These platforms with distinct characteristics might interact with TAMs in brand new mechanisms that might result in better immunotherapeutic efficacy ( 102 , 103 ). We anticipate the cutting-edge nanomedicines-based TAM-targeted regulation strategies hold great potential for future cancer immunotherapy.…”

Biomimetic cell membrane‐coated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles for biomedical applications

“…In mice with mesenteric thrombosis, NPs demonstrated enhanced thrombolysis and improved the survival rate of mice when compared to free rtPA. To accomplish improved endothelial cell barrier penetration and increased retaining time in ischemic tissues, cell membranes obtained from human adipose‐derived stem cells that were transduced with mRNA vector to overexpress CXCR4 and used for the coating of vascular endothelial growth factor loaded PLGA NPs 233–235 . Therapeutic outcome was dramatically improved, resulting in a 17% lower chance of limb loss compared to the untreated group (83%) in mice with hind limb ischemia.…”

“…To accomplish improved endothelial cell barrier penetration and increased retaining time in ischemic tissues, cell membranes obtained from human adipose-derived stem cells that were transduced with mRNA vector to overexpress CXCR4 and used for the coating of vascular endothelial growth factor loaded PLGA NPs. [233][234][235] Therapeutic outcome was dramatically improved, resulting in a 17% lower chance of limb loss compared to the untreated group (83%) in mice with hind limb ischemia. Platelet membranes were also used for the coating of SPIO NPs (SPIONs) and piceatannol (PTNPs) loaded PLGA NPs (Figure 9e).…”

Recent advances of bioresponsive polymeric nanomedicine for cancer therapy

“…Among them, nanomedicine has achieved tremendous progress in cancer management [12][13][14]. Nanoparticles can protect the cargo from degradation and facilitate their accumulation at tumor sites through passive diffusion or active targeting, optimizing the drug biodistribution [15][16][17][18][19]. Especially in the past few years, nanocarriers that can respond to biological cues in the tumor microenvironment (TME) attracted increasing attention [20][21][22].…”